湖南大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案

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    湖南大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
        I. Phrase Translation
    1)基础设施: infrastructure
    2)低保: Minimum Living Standard
    3)低碳经济: low-carbon economy
    4)人均收入: average per capita income
    5)节能减排: energy saving and emission reduction; energy conservation and
emission reduction
    6)法治社会: society governed by law; society ruled by law
    7)赈灾扶贫: Poverty and Disaster Relief; poverty alleviation and Disaster
Relief
    8)科教兴国: national rejuvenation through science and education;
rejuvenate/invigorate our country through science and education
    9)知识密集型产业: knowledge-intensive industry
    10)信用风险防范机制: prevention mechanism against credit risk
    11) 国际核不扩散体系：the international nuclear non-proliferation regime/system
    12)中东和平进程：the Middle East peace process
    13) 世界多极化：world multi-polarization;the multi-polar world
    14)国家主权和领土完整: national sovereignty and territorial integrity
    15) 农副产品加工: agricultural and sideline product processing
    16) disposal income: 可支配收入
    17) value-added tax: 增殖税
    18) sunrise industry: 朝阳产业
    19) brain drain: 人才流失
    20) weapon of mass destruction: 大规模杀伤性武器
    21) vulnerable group: 弱势群体
    22) global warming: 全球变暖
    23) transfer of intangible assets: 无形资产转让
    24) wholesale and retail businesses: 批发和零售业务
    25) GDP: 国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)
    26) ASEAN: 东南亚国家联盟(Association of South East Asian Nations); 东盟
    27) renewable energy: 可再生能源
    28) migrant rural laborers: 农民工
    29) international practice: 国际惯例
    30) good-neighborly and friendly cooperation: 睦邻友好合作(关系)
        II. Passage translation
        Section A English to Chinese
    Every year, Fortune magazine celebrates women in the top echelons of
corporate America by publishing a list of the 50 Most Powerful Women in
Business. Their titles are impressive-CEO, chairman, president-and photos
portray them as polished and confident.
    What an inspiration they could be to the young women following them.
    But what if those young women don’t aspire to a corner office? A week after
the Fortune list appeared on newsstands, a major national study of teenagers
revealed a surprising finding: while 97 percent of girls polled expect to work
to support themselves or their families, only 9 percent want careers in
business. Among boys, the figure is 15 percent.
    But why do girls shy away from business? The number of women applying to
business schools has dropped off. By contrast, women make up half the students
in medical and law schools.
    Unlike boys in the study, who say they want to earn a lot of money, girls
place great importance on helping others and improving society. But they don’t
see connections between those goals and business, which they equate with finance
and numbers. And they’re less confident than boys about their business-related
skills.
    Teen girls also place a high value on having enough time to spend with
family and friends. 48)In describing business, Professor Wilson says, “they used
many images involving stress-images about dads having to make conference calls
on vacation, and moms always being tired when they got home, or complaining
about their bad bosses.”
    As it happens, mothers are the primary source of career advice for
daughters. But parents goals are often less well defined for girls than for
boys.
    Wilson calls the lack of women at the top “alarming”, adding that the study
doesn’t offer a lot of hope that future generations will swell the ranks of
women in leadership positions.
        Section B Chinese to English
    有一次，几个中国人到一位比较富裕的美国人家里去做客。主人引他们参观 自已的住所，中国客人说：”你们的房子多好啊。非常漂亮。”主人听了十分高兴， 按美国
习惯笑着回答说：”谢谢”。有些中国客人对她的回答感到意外。后来，在 餐桌上谈话时，主人对大学毕业不久的中国女翻译说：”你的英语很好，很流利”。
女翻译谦虚地说：”不!不!我的英语说得很不好”。主人没想到她会这样的回 答，感到有些迷惑不解。
那位美国主妇的回答是否像有些中国人认为的那样：不够谦虚”呢?
    那们年轻的中国女翻译的回答是否像美国主人听起来那样”不够诚恳”呢?
    其实，美国主妇的回答并非不谦虚，中国女翻译回答也不是不诚恳。讲英语 的人听到别人赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应”假装
自卑”或”帮作谦虚”。但是，对中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之 有愧，做得很够;或者说自已的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，
等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或缺乏教养。因此，上述两种回答引 起不同反应是由于双方语言习惯不同。他都根据各自的风俗去理解别人所说的话。(选自
    参考译文：Once a group of Chinese were visiting the home of a fairly well to do
American .As they were shown around the house ,they commented, “you have a very
nice home. It’s so beautiful.” The hostess smiled with obvious pleasure and
replied in good American fashion “Thank you” -which caused surprise among some
of her Chinese guests. Later, While conversing at the dinner table, the host
regarded to the Chinese interpreter, a young lady who had graduated not long ago
from a Chinese university , “your English is excellent. Really quite fluent. “To
this she demurred, “No, no. My English is quite poor”-an answer that he had not
expected and found a bit puzzling.
    Was the American hostess` reply immodest, as it seemed to some of the
Chinese?
    Was the young Chinese interpreter’s remark insincere, as it sounded to the
Americans? In both cases the answer is no. To English – Speaking people, praise
is to be accepted, generally with a remark like ” Thank you “.some not unworthy
achievement or thing ,Therefore ,there should however, the customary reply to a
compliment would be to claimly enough, or that success was more a matter of luck
or some other circumstances. Acceptance of a compliment would imply conceit or
lack of manners. So. In the two cases above, the reason for such different
reactions was differences in customs and habits. Each was interpreting what the
other said according to his or her own culture.