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翻译硕士（MTI）考研，要想做好翻译大家必须要有广阔的知识面，针对不同类型，不同行业的翻译规则和技巧都要把握得当，而要了解这些，小编建议大家不妨多阅读，尤其是双语阅读，通过阅读不断积累词汇，积累翻译的技巧和原则。下面新东方在线编辑和大家分享一系列的双语阅读，帮助大家通过阅读来提升自己的翻译水平。
下面请看2015MTI双语美文阅读：25年后将有更多女性成为CEO
Last summer, Lynn Good became CEO of DukeEnergy. Under her leadership, the
$25 billioncompany experienced a 50% increase in profits.Formally the firm's
chief financial officer, Good spentthe year navigating Duke Energy (DUK) through
a difficult merger with Progress Energy.
去年夏天，琳恩古德成当上了杜克能源(Duke
Energy)的CEO。在她的领导下，这家250亿美元的公司实现了利润增长50%。作为前首席财务官，古德在过去一年带领杜克能源经历了与Progress
Energy的艰难合并。
Good is one of just a handful of women -- in the world -- who became CEO of
a large companylast year. While 332 of the 2,500 biggest publicly traded
companies globally brought in a newexecutive officer, women filled just 10 of
those positions, according to a new study frommanagement consulting firm
Strategy&, formerly Booz & Company. Despite droves ofwomen entering
higher education and the global work force, the number of women filling
topexecutive roles hasn't budged for some time. In the past 10 years, 84 women
have taken overthe top role at the world's largest firms compared with 2,942
men, according to Strategy&.
古德是去年全球范围内出任大型公司CEO的少数女性之一。管理咨询公司Strategy&(前Booz
&Company)的最新研究显示，全球2,500家大型上市公司中有332家新聘请了CEO，其中只有10位是女性。虽然全球范围内有大批女性接受了高等教育，进入了职场，但获得最高层管理职位的女性数量近年来没怎么变化。Strategy&公司的统计显示，过去十年，只有84位女性获得了全球大型公司的最高管理职位，而男性数量则为2,942位。
Strategy&'s initial findings on gender imbalance in the C-suite may not
be encouraging(or surprising), but its projection for the future is slightly
brighter. Citing trends in womengoing on to higher education, the share of women
in the workforce and shifting social norms,researchers claim as much as a third
of the incoming CEO class will be made up of women by2040.
Strategy&对企业高管性别失衡现象的初步调查结论或许不怎么让人鼓舞(甚至令人意外)，但它对未来的预测却略为乐观一些。根据女性接受高等教育的趋势、职业女性比例以及社会观念的变迁，研究人员预计，到2040年，女性在新上任CEO中的比例将达到1/3。
So how do we get from 3% to 33% in 25 years? Assuming that the median age
of 53 for a CEOstays relatively the same, the women entering the workforce today
will be eligible for CEOstatus in their careers by Strategy&'s projected
2040. Since 1970, the number of womenenrolling in colleges worldwide has grown
nearly twice as fast as the number of men. In theU.S., roughly 40% of all MBA
candidates were women in 2012 and today women make up about40% of the global
work force.
我们怎么才能在25年内从3%增加到33%?假设CEO的年龄中值53岁相对保持不变，今天进入职场的女性等到Strategy&预测的2040年将达到入职CEO的年龄。二十世纪七十年代年以来，全球进入大学学习的女性人数增速近乎是男性人数增速的两倍。美国2012年约40%的MBA学位攻读者是女性。今天，女性已占到全球就业人口的约40%。
Ken Favaro, Strategy& senior partner and author of the study, described
the disconnectwe see between the growing percentage of women going into business
and the stagnatingpercentage reaching the executive level as a "numbers game."
It takes time for women enteringbusiness today to get enough experience to
become eligible for leadership roles within theirfirms, he explained.
Strategy&高级合伙人、这项最新研究报告的作者肯o法沃若将我们看到的女性就业比例上升与女性高管比例停滞之间的脱节现象称为“数字游戏”。他解释称，今天进入职场的女性需要时间才能获得足够的经验问鼎公司里的领导职位。
The other reason for the delay is, perhaps, more nuanced.
造成滞后的另一个原因或许更为微妙。
"A lot of these companies were started at least 50 years ago when there
were no women in theworkforce, much less running companies," Favaro said. "It
takes a long time for work culture tochange ... It is a cultural drag, but it is
a drag that will decline over time."
“很多公司至少创立于50年前，当时没有工作女性，经营的公司数量也要少得多，”法沃若表示。“职场文化的变迁需要很长时间……这是文化滞后，但这种滞后随着时间的流逝将会减弱。
Companies in the U.S. and Canada, where Favaro explained the culture is
advancing at thefastest rate, have garnered the highest percentage of women CEOs
for the past decade.Although that figure comes in at only about 3%, Japan's
total is much smaller as less than 1%of women took on the top executive role
over the last 10 years.
法沃若解释称，美国和加拿大的公司文化进化最快，过去十年它们的女性CEO比例最高。虽然这个数字只有3%左右，但日本的总比例更低。过去十年，日本获得最高管理职位的女性比例还不到1%。
Favaro and his colleagues are confident that more women will become CEOs
with time, yetother Strategy& findings paint a bleak picture for the future.
Female CEOs are more likelyto be forced out of their jobs than men; during the
past decade, 38% of women CEOs leftinvoluntarily compared with just 27% of their
male peers. Women are also more often hiredexternally, a finding Favaro
explained could lead to weaker internal relationships within theirfirms.
Outsider CEOs, in general, also tend to get hired more frequently when a company
isn'tperforming well, according to Favaro.
法沃若和他的同事们有信心未来更多女性将成为CEO，但Strategy&的其他研究结论所显示的前景较为黯淡。女性CEO被辞退的可能性高于男性;过去十年，38%的女性CEO非主动离职，而男性CEO的这个比例只有27%。女性CEO更多是从外部聘请，法沃若认为，这可能导致与公司的内部关系较为薄弱。另外，法沃若还指出，总体上，聘请外部CEO往往出现在一家公司状况不佳的时候。
One such former female CEO that fits the researchers' findings is Yahoo's
Carol Bartz. Afterbuilding Autodesk into a successful company, Bartz was hired
to in 2009 to bring Yahoo back toits heyday. Despite reducing costs, she failed
to improve revenue growth just as Yahoo waslosing the advertisement dollars game
to Google and Facebook. In 2011, a Yahoo (YHOO)chairman fired Bartz -- over the
phone.
可以印证上述结论的一位前女性CEO是雅虎(Yahoo)的卡罗尔o巴茨。巴茨在把欧特克(Autodesk)打造成了一家成功的公司后，2009年获聘成为雅虎的CEO，带领它重现辉煌。尽管降低了成本，但她没能改善收入增长，雅虎的广告收入流向了谷歌(Google)和Facebook。2011年，雅虎董事长打电话解雇了巴茨。
"These people f---ed me over," Bartz told Fortune at the time of her
dismissal.
“他们轰走了我，”巴茨在遭到解雇时这样告诉《财富》杂志(Fortune)。
Strategy&'s findings and Bartz's story both support the theory of the
glass cliff, whichclaims that women are more often promoted into leadership
roles in times of crisis. Theconcept has come into focus recently as GM CEO Mary
Barra deals with the fallout of a recall ofmillions of vehicles. As Fortune's
Allan Sloan recently pointed out, Barra became an icon of sortswhen she became
GM's (GM) first female CEO this year, but now is forced to deal with
problemsthat started well before her tenure.
Strategy&的研究发现与巴茨的故事都支持玻璃悬崖理论，即女性提拔担任领导职务往往都是临危授命。这种理论最近受到了关注：通用汽车(GM)CEO玛丽o巴拉正在应对数百万辆汽车召回的后果。正如《财富》杂志的艾伦斯隆日前指出，今年当巴拉成为通用汽车首位女性CEO时，她成为了某种符号，但现在她不得不应对早在自己上任前就已经存在的种种问题。
If Barra weren't a woman, perhaps we wouldn't be seeing her name criticized
so heavily in themedia, Favaro said.
法沃若表示，如果巴拉不是女性，或许我们不会在媒体中看到她受到如此这么多的批评。
"When we first looked at the percentage of women CEOs coming in, I was
shocked," Favarosaid. "When Mary Barra got promoted to GM, it was all over the
place ... And the reason wewere reading about it so much was because [women
become CEO] so infrequently. It definitelyisn't old hat."
“我们第一次看到女性CEO的百分比时，我都惊呆了，”法沃若说。“玛丽巴拉升任CEO时，很多人都惊呆了……我们之所以能看到这么多的报道，是因为(女性当上CEO)并不常见。它显然不是个传统。”
翻译不是单纯逐字逐句的同比相译，它需要针对不同的国家、地域、风俗、行业等有不同的规则和译法，而这些都需要大家通过阅读和练习来总结和积累，要提高自己的翻译水平就必须要读、做、积，希望每一位备战翻译硕士的考生都能够认真执行，预祝大家2015年考研成功!
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发表于 2017-8-6 23:15:23