2015年GCT英语精彩语法复习:句法结构1

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名词性从句
    1、名词性从句的构成及句法特点
    主要包括主语从句、表语从句、 同位语从句和宾语从句。 其连接代词非为三类：
    1)由that, whether, if和whoewver等引出的陈述句;
    2)有what引出的疑问句;
    3)有wh-等词引出的疑问句。第一类和第三类在引出主语从句时可以用形式主语it来代替。
    2、主语从句
    That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to
everybody.地球围绕着太阳转是众所周知的事实。
    (= It is well-known to everybody that the earth goes around the sun.)
    Whether he will come to the meeting is up to his boss. (此时不能用if
)他来不来参加会议取决于他的老板。
    (= It is up to his boss whether he will come to the meeting.)
    Whoever says so is a liar. 谁这样说使就在撒谎。
    What you need in learning a foreign language well is repeated
practice.学习外语你需要的是大量的练习。
    What you have said is convincing. 你所说的令人信服。
    Where we shall stay for the night is a problem. 我们在哪儿过夜是个问题。
    (= It is a problem where we shall stay for the night.)
    When and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be held has been
decided.2008年奥运会举行的时间和地点已经确定下来了。
    (=It has been decided when and where the 2008 Olympic Games will be
held.)
    How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for
centuries.古埃及人是如何建造金字塔迷惑了多少代的人。
    (= It puzzled people for centuries how the ancient Egyptians built the
pyramids.)
   
                    

kyone

    3、表语从句
    that引出的表语从句里，that可以省略;whether有时也可用来引出表语从句，而一般不用if，但as if却 可以。如：
    My idea is (that) we need more hands. 我的看法是我们需要更多的人手。
    The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
    All this was over twenty years ago, but it seems as if it was only
yesterday.所有这一切过去20多年了，但似乎刚刚是昨天发生的一样。
    4、同位语从句：名词性从句考查的重点
    同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词+that从句构成，引导词一般是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成分。这些抽象名词有：news, idea,
fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief,
message等，同位语从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。
    The news that our football team at last defeated Korea made the fans wild
with joy.
    我们的足球队最终击败了朝鲜队的消息令球迷们欢喜若狂。
    The news that made the fans wild with joy was from the radio. (比较-定语从句)
    令球迷们欢喜若狂的消息是从收音机里播报的。
    There is much evidence that the crime rate in this city is on the rise.
    有充足的证据证明该城市的犯罪率在上升。
    Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the
universe is that of light.
    爱因斯坦得出的结论是宇宙中最大速度是光速。
    5、名词性从句的考点
    -1-、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
    The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next
year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)
    The news that Tom would go abroad is told by
him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分)
    -3-、what 和that引导名词性从句的差别
    ___________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
    A. What B.That C.How D. Where
    what 和that在引导名词性从句时的差别：
   
                    

kyfour

    1)当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句(不可引导同位语从句);它本身在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
    (1) what表示“所以……的(事)”的意思，相当于“the thing(s) that……”、“all that……”、“that
which……”、“everything that……”等。例如：
    Leave it with me and I’ll see what I can do. (what引导宾语从句，并作do的宾语。)
    把它留给我，我来看看怎么做。
    What you have done might do harm to other people. (what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。)
你所做的可能会给别人带来伤害。
    What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。) 他在会上说的令所有在场的人吃惊不小。
    What is most important in life isn’t money. (what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。)
    生活中最重要的不是钱。
    But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure. (what
引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。) 你等着看我们能给你什么补偿。
    What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. (what
引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。) 他所想要看到的是结束世界上所有的军队。
    (2)what 表示“所……的(人)”的意思，相当于“the person that……”等。例如：
    He is not what he used to be. (what 引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。)
    他已经不是过去的他了。
    She is no longer what she was five years ago. (what 引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。)
    她不是5年前的她了。
    2)that
    It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. (that引导主语从句)。
    令她烦恼的是头发开始变得花白。
    Can you believe (that) in such a rich country there should be so many poor
people? ( that引导宾语从句)
    在这样一个富有的国度里竟有这么多的穷人，你相信吗?
    We heard the news that our team had won. (that引导同位语从句)
    我听到我们队获胜的消息。
    Another problem is that good soil is gradually lost. (that引导表语从句)
    另一个问题是肥沃的土壤开始慢慢流失了。
    But the truth is that everyone should take care of disabled people, not
just the government. (that引导表语从句)
    一条亘古不变的真理就是人们都应该体贴残疾人，而不是体贴政府。