2016考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：私人补习

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    2016考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：私人补习
    Private tuition
    私人补习
    Premium economy
    优质经济舱
    Private education is becoming more egalitarian
    民办教育变得越来越平等
    WHEN Charlotte Hobbs decided to teach her 11-year-old pupil about the
“imaginary” maths neededto work out the square root of a negative number, she
knew it would be a stretch. But herambition paid off: the girl quickly mastered
the concept and now hopes to study maths atuniversity. Most remarkably, Ms Hobbs
achieved her feat in a foster home, not a west LondonVictorian terrace.
    当夏洛特·霍布斯决定教她11岁的学生用来计算负数平方根的虚数时，她知道这是一个艰巨的任务。但她的抱负最终得以实现：这个女孩很快掌握了概念并希望在大学学习数学专业。最值得注意的是，霍布斯女士是在一个寄养家庭取得了这样的成就，而不是在伦敦西部的维多利亚式露台。
    Private tuition has long been popular with the rich. A gaggle of
London-based firms hire newgraduates from Oxford and Cambridge who charge
￡70-￡100 an hour to prepare children forindependent-school entrance exams taken
at 11 or 13. Yet thanks to ambitious parents andgovernment policies, many more
children from lower-income families are being tutored.
    私人补习一直受到富人的欢迎。一些总部位于伦敦的公司聘请刚从牛津、剑桥毕业的学生帮助11岁或13岁的孩子准备私立学校入学考试，他们每小时收费70到100英镑。然而，由于那些望子成龙的父母和政府的政策，更多低收入家庭的孩子也开始补习。
    The primary force is the pupil premium, a scheme that channels extra money
to schools withpoorer pupils. This payment, which is rising from ￡623 ($950) per
pupil this year to ￡900 in2014, has created a market for private tuition in
state schools. Ms Hobbs works for TutorTrust, a not-for-profit organisation
which provides one-to-one sessions for ￡18 an hour. Thefirm’s 220 tutors tend to
be students at Manchester University keen to earn some extra cash.Since February
2012 they have taught for more than 10,000 hours in schools across the
city.According to figures from Ofsted, the education regulator, two-fifths of
schools are using theirpupil-premium cash to pay for one-on-one tuition; a third
are using it for group tuition. The aimis to improve results and shrink the
yawning gap between the academic achievements of poorchildren and richer ones in
England’s schools.
    这一现象最主要的动力来自学生奖学金计划，这个计划把额外的钱拨给贫困学子。这笔款项将从今年的623英镑(约合950美元)在2014年涨到900英镑，这也为在公立学校提供私人补习创造了市场。霍布斯女士为“Tutor
Trust”工作，这个非营利组织提供每小时18英镑的一对一辅导。公司的220名老师大多是曼彻斯特大学想要赚点外快的学生。从2012年2月开始，他们已经在这个城市教授超过10000小时的课程。根据教育主管机构Ofsted的数据，五分之二的学校用学生奖学金支付一对一辅导费用;三分之一用此支付集体辅导费用。这项计划的目的是要提高教学成果并减少英国学校贫富学生之间学业成绩的鸿沟。
    But it is not just the hardest-up who are getting private help: parents on
ordinary incomes arehiring more tutors, too. Explore Learning, a private-tuition
chain, says that many of itscustomers use government child-care vouchers (which
are tax-free) to pay for tuition. Lowerearners receiving tax credits can claim
back up to 70% of the cost. It helps that franchisessuch as Kumon, a Japanese
firm, lower costs for parents by teaching in groups. These kinds ofout-of-hours
outfits have long been popular in East Asia: roughly three-quarters of
SouthKorean students attend a hagwon after school.
    对于接受私人补习的人来说，补习费不是最大的障碍：工薪阶层的父母也聘请很多辅导老师。一个名为Explore
Learning的私人连锁教育机构声称他们许多客户都使用政府托儿券(免税)来支付学费。中低收入者的税收抵免能返还70%的费用。一些像日本Kumon这样的特许公司提供的集体教学也帮家长减少了费用。这种课后补习机构在东亚一直很流行：粗略计算，四分之三的韩国学生放学后都要参加补习班。
    This combination of rising subsidies and fiercer competition means that the
army of tutors islikely to get bigger. This should be welcome news. The
Education Endowment Foundation, acharity, estimates that a year of one-to-one
tuition is equivalent to five additional months ofschooling. Tutors are
particularly valuable for difficult subjects such as maths. Thegovernment’s
aim—to ensure that more of England’s poorer children reach their
potential—isstill an aspiration. If its policies break the link between tutoring
and income, it may yet becomefact.
    增加的补贴以及激烈的竞争意味着辅导老师队伍将会进一步壮大。这将是一个可喜的消息。一个慈善机构—教育养老基金会估计一年一对一辅导相当于五个月的学校教育。对于像数学一样十分困难的科目来说，辅导老师就显得特别有价值。政府的目标是确保更多英国的贫困儿童的潜能得到发掘，但这只是个仍未的抱负。如果政策能打破辅导和收入之间的关联，这个目标也许能成为现实。
    1.work out 解决
    例句:Heyzer says the countries would also have towork out cross-border
problems, includingtechnical and legal standards and customsprocedures.
    海泽女士表示，各国还需要解决包括技术和法律标准以及海关程序在内的边界通关问题。
    2.need to 需要
    例句:Most people recognise the need to pay a golden hello to attract the
best.
    大多数人都认识到需要用高额聘金来吸引精英人才。
    3.decide to 决定
    例句:Little boys, being what they are, might decide to play on it.
    出于天性，小男孩们可能会决定利用这一点。
    4.hope to 希望
    例句:I hope to carry on for an indeterminate period.
    我希望能进行一段时期。