2016考研英语阅读暑期训练：医学类(17)

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    　　2016考研英语阅读暑期训练：医学类(17)
    William Shakespeare described old age as “second childishness”—— sans
teeth， sans eyes， sans taste. In the case of taste he may， musically speaking，
have been even more perceptive than he realized. A paper in Neurology by
Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care
of Alzheimer's Disease in Brescia， Italy， shows that one form of senile dementia
can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression， if not to infancy，
then at least to a patient's teens.
    Frontotemporal dementia is caused， as its name suggests， by damage to the
front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech， and with
such “higher” functions as abstract thinking and judgment. Frontotemporal damage
therefore produces different symptoms from the loss of memory associated with
Alzheimer's disease， a more familiar dementia that affects the hippocampus and
amygdala in the middle of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia is also rarer than
Alzheimer's. In the past five years the centre in Brescia has treated some 1，500
Alzheimer's patients; it has seen only 46 with frontotemporal dementia.
    Two of those patients interested Dr Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer，
the other a 73-year-old housewife. Both had undamaged memories， but displayed
the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia-a diagnosis that was
confirmed by brain scanning. About two years after he was first diagnosed the
lawyer， once a classical music lover whoreferred to pop music as “mere noise”，
started listening to the Italian pop band “883”。 As his command of language and
his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated， he
    continued to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The
housewife had not even had the lawyer's love of classical music， having never
enjoyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she
became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old granddaughter was
listening to.
    This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimer's
patients， and thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia.
And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal-dementia patients
sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are
known. And in another lapse of musical taste， one woman with the disease
suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs.
    Dr Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new
attitude towards novel experiences. Previous studies of novelty-seeking behavior
suggest that it is managed by the brain's right frontal lobe. A predominance of
the right over the left frontal lobe， caused by damage to the latter， might thus
lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively， the damage may have affected
some specific neural circuit that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of
music. Whether that is a gain or a loss is a different matter. As Dr Frisoni
puts it in his article， de gustibus non disputandum est. Or， in plainer words，
there is no accounting for taste.
    　　11. For Shakespeare， old age as “second childishness” for they have
the same
    A favorite.
    B memory.
    C experience.
    D sense.
    　　12. Which one is not a symptom of Frototemporal
dementia?
    A the loss of memory.
    B the loss of judgment.
    C the loss of abstract thinking .
    D the loss of speech.
        13. From the two patients mentioned in the passage， it can be
concluded that
    A their command of language has deteriorated.
    B their emotional attachments to friends and family are being lost.
    C the Frontotemporal dementia can bring new gifts.
    D Frontotemporal dementia can cause patients to change their musical
tastes.
    　　14.The “novel” in the last paragraph means
    A historical.
    B special.
    C story-like.
    D strange.
        15. From the passage， it can be inferred that
    A the damage of the left frontal lobe may affect some specific neural
circuit.
    B the lawyer patient has the left frontal lobe damaged.
    C the damage of the left frontal lobe decreased the appreciation certain
kinds of music.
    D every patient has the same taste.
    答案：DADDB