2016考研英语阅读暑期训练：医学类(15)

考研网

暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。这就
需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。下面新东方在线和大家分享医
学类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
    　　2016考研英语阅读暑期训练：医学类(15)
    Depending on whom you ask， the experiment announced at a Texas medical
conference last week was a potential breakthrough for infertile women， a tragic
failure or a dangerous step closer to the nightmare scenario of human
cloning.
    There's truth to all these points of view. Infertility was clearly the
motivation when Chinese doctors used a new technique to help one of their
countrywomen get pregnant. Unlike some infertile women， the 30-year-old patient
produced eggs just fine， and those eggs could be fertilized by sperm. But they
never developed properly， largely because of defects in parts of the egg outside
the fertilized nucleus. So using a technique developed by Dr. James Grifo at New
York University， Dr. Zhuang Guanglun of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou took
the patient's fertilized egg， scooped out the chromosome-bearing nuclear
material and put it in a donated egg whose nucleus had been removed. In this
more benign environment， development proceeded normally， and the woman became
pregnant with triplets who carried a mix of her DNA and her husband's——pretty
much like any normal baby.
    What has some doctors and ethicists upset is that this so-called
nuclear-transfer technique has also been used to produce clones， starting with
Dolly the sheep. The only significant difference is that with cloning， the
inserted nucleus comes from a single， usually adult， cell， and the resulting
offspring is genetically identical to the parent. Doing that with humans is
ethically repugnant to many. Besides， for reasons that aren't yet well
understood， cloned animals often abort spontaneously or are born with defects;
Dolly died very young， though she had seemed healthy. And because the Chinese
woman's twins were born prematurely and died (the third triplet was removed
early on to improve chances for the remaining two)， critics have suggested that
cloning and nuclear transfer are equally risky for humans.
    Not likely， says Grifo. “The obstetric outcome was a disaster，” he admits，
“but the embryos were chromosomally normal. We have no evidence that it had
anything to do with the procedure.” Even so， concern over potential risks is why
the Food and Drug Administration created a stringent approval process for such
research in 2001——a process that Grifo found so onerous that he stopped working
on the technique and gave it to the researchers in China， where it was
subsequently banned (but only this month， long after Zhuang's patient became
pregnant)。
    The bottom line， say critics， is that perfecting a technique that could be
used for human cloning， even if it were developed for another purpose， is just a
bad idea——an assertion Zhuang rejects. “I agree that it makes sense to control
these experiments，” he says. “But we've developed an effective technology to
help people. We understand how to do it. We need it.”
    注(1)：本文选自Time; 10/27/2003， p47;
    注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 4;
    　　1. What is implied in the first paragraph?
    [A]Some people regard it as a tragic failure.
    [B]The new experiment means a breakthrough for some people.
    [C]People have different reactions to the new experiment.
    [D]The new experiment means a step further to the dangerous human
cloning.
    　　2. The author uses the case of Dolly and the Chinese pregnant woman
to show that _________.
    [A]both nuclear-transfer and cloning are dangerous for humans and
animals
    [B]both of them benefit from the new technique
    [C]both of them are the examples of technical failure
    [D]both of them are the fruits of the new technology
    　　3. Zhuang‘s attitude toward the critics’ conclusion is one of
__________.
    [A]reserved consent
    [B]strong disapproval
    [C]slight contempt
    [D]enthusiastic support
    　　4. The only difference existing between nuclear-transfer and
cloning technique is ________.
    [A]whether it is used for research or for helping the infertile
    [B]whether the offspring looks like the parent
    [C]whether it is used in animals or human beings
    [D]whether the inserted nucleus comes from a single and usually adult
cell
    　　5. The text intends to express the idea that
_________.
    [A]research of cloning has potential risks
    [B]the research of cloning should be stopped totally
    [C]ethics and research of cloning are in contradiction
    [D]researchers should have the right to continue the study of cloning
    答案：CABDC