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考研英语长难句是让很多考生头疼的一大难题,对于长难句的结构分析、主旨把握及语义提炼想到一步位并不容易,这需要大家熟练掌握语法的同时,平时多练习和总结才行。下面新东方在线就和大家一起通过实例练习及解析来一步步提升长难句的解读能力。
2016考研英语阅读长难句实例分析(84)
1.Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s,
as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that
they had not come to the New world for religion.
【分析】多重复合句。主干是many settlers
had···commitment。as引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句。非限制性定语从句还包含who引导的定语从句,修饰folk。定语从句嵌套that引导的宾语从句。
【译文】同时,许多移民并没有像丹尼那样虔诚的宗教信仰。正如一个牧师在海边遇到村民的时候所了解到的一样,他们嘲弄地说并不是为了宗教来到新大陆的。
【点拨】1)commitment在此处指“信奉”,更常见的义项是“承诺,保证;献身” 。
2)mock可作动词、名词用,意为“嘲笑,嘲弄;(为取笑而)模仿,仿效”,作形容词时的意思是“假的,伪造的,模仿的”,如a mock battle
一场模拟战。
as引导的非限制性定语从句
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末,一般以逗号与主句分开,用来指代整个主句。as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:
1)非限制性定语从句在句首时,只能用as不能用which例如:As is generally accepted, economic growth is
determined by the smooth development of production.
2)非限制性定语从句位于主句之后,纯粹表示主句所述内容,不带有“如…那样”的意思时,用which,不用as。例如:They are invited
to the state banquet, which was great honor to them.
3)当非限制性定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时只能用 which,不能用 as。例如:The West Lake, which is one of
the world famous scenic spots, is in Hangzhou.
2.Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution
proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social
philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and
cultural evolution.
【分析】简单句。句子主干是Herbert Spencer put for ward his own
theory。句首的现在分词短语Coinciding with…1860s作伴随状语,其中的过去分词短语 posed by …1860s作 theory of
biological evolution 的后置定语。
【译文】在英国博物学家查尔斯•达尔文于19世纪60年代提出开创性的生物进化论的同时,英国社会哲学家赫伯特•斯宾塞也推出了他自己的关于生物和文化进化的理论。
【点拨】l) coincide with意为“同时发生;符合,与...致”.2) groundbreaking义同
innovative,指“开创性的”。3) naturalist除作“自然主义者;自然主义作家(或艺术家)”,讲还有“博物学家”的意思.4) put for
ward 意为“提出”,同propose。
【临摹】我惊奇地发现我的生日与约翰的生日碰巧在同一时间。
3.He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called
the "survival of the fittest",in which weaker races and societies must
eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
【分析】多重复合句。句子主干是He argued that... 。that引导argued 的宾语从句,其中he called
the“survival of the fittest”为省略关系词的定语从句,修饰struggle; which引导非限制性定语从句,也修饰
struggle。
【译文】他认为,人类进化的特点是他称之为“适者生存”的斗争。在这场斗争中,弱小的种族和社会最终将被更强大、更先进的种族和社会所取代。
【点拨】1) be characterized by意为“以...为特征。”2) eventually“最后,终于”。
【临摹】欧也妮•葛朗台淋漓尽致地体现出守财奴的特点是贪婪。
4.Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of
families,forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms
of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as
societies evolved.
【分析】复合句。主干结构是diverse aspects of culture all changed …。短语 such as …food
production作插入语,as societies evolved是as引导的时间状语从句。
【译文】因此,按照摩根的观点,文化的各个方面——比如家庭结构、婚姻形式、亲属关系类别、财产所有权、政府形式、科技以及食品生产体系——都随着社会的发展而改变。 |
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