2016考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：邻避主义与选举

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    2016考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：邻避主义与选举
   
    Britain
    英国
    NIMBYism and the election
    邻避主义与选举
    The anti-tarmac vote
    柏油碎石路反对者投票
    The Conservatives are getting squeezed over bigbuilding projects
    保守党在大型建筑工程上束手无策
    ON first glance, the constituency of Brentford & Isleworth, in west
London, looks like atypical Conservative Party heartland. It is full of boutique
shops and cafés. The back streets arelined with pretty Victorian terraced
houses.
    乍一看，位于西伦敦的布伦特福德和艾尔沃思选区像是典型的保守党中心地带。这里的精品店和咖啡店星罗密布。后街是一排排漂亮的维多利亚连栋房屋。
    Yet Mary Macleod, the Conservative incumbent, has a fight on her hands to
hold the seat. Thisis partly down to demographics. Along with plenty of
middle-class residents the seat is dottedwith council estates, and is also home
to large Pakistani and Indian populations who havetended to vote for the Labour
Party. But one of the biggest problems for Ms Macleod is not onthe ground but in
the air.
    然而保守党人玛丽·麦克劳德要想赢得这个地区的选票还得苦战一番。这部分与人口统计有关。连同大量的中产阶级居民，该中心地带散布着地方所属地产，同时也是倾向于为工党投票的巴基斯坦人、印度人的家乡。但麦克劳德面临的最大问题不在地面上而是在空中。
    Each day dozens of aeroplanes fly over the constituency, which is near
Heathrow airport. Anddepending on the outcome of the Airports Commission, which
was set up by the coalitiongovernment to look into airport expansion, and which
will report after the election, even morecould criss-cross over the area.
    该选区位于希思罗机场附近，每一天都有几十架飞机掠过其上空。联合政府设立了机场委员会来调查机场扩张情况，具体情况将在选举后进行报告，根据其结果，也许会有更多的飞机在这片区域上空穿梭。
    Ms Macleod first won the seat in 2010 with a majority of 1,958 by
campaigning heavily againstairport expansion. And although Heathrow is not the
only issue worrying local voters, winningthe seat could still hinge on how
effectively the Conservative incumbent can distinguishherself from Ruth Cadbury,
the Labour candidate, who is also against a bigger airport. MsMacleod's plight
points to a larger problem for the Conservatives. Too often for comfort,
well-meaning plans to improve the country's roads, airports and railways clash
with the NIMBYishinstincts of their core supporters.
    2010年，麦克劳德以强烈反对机场扩建开展竞选活动，以1958的多数票赢得了席位。尽管希思罗机场不是当地选民唯一担忧的事，但麦克劳德的当选仍取决于这位保守党人在与同样反对建设大机场的工党候选人露丝·凯德波里相比时，能多有效地提高自己的辨识度。麦克劳德的困境指出了工党存在的一个更大问题。通常为了提高舒适度、意图良好的升级城市道路、机场和铁路等计划会触动邻避主义核心支持者的敏感神经。
    The country's infrastructure is creaking. Sir Howard Davies, who heads the
Airport Commission,estimates that Heathrow is full to capacity while Gatwick,
the other option for airportexpansion, will be full by 2020. According to the
World Economic Forum British roads rank alowly 30th in the world for quality,
just above Chile and Sri Lanka. David Cameron, the primeminister, acknowledges
the problem. The Conservative Party manifesto, launched on April 14th,commits to
previous plans to splash out 15 billion ($22 billion) on the road network and
38billion on the railways over the next parliament. Mr Cameron also reiterated
support for HS2, ashiny new 42 billion high-speed railway from London to
Manchester.
    英国的基础设施正在咯吱作响。领导机场委员会的霍华德·戴维斯阁下预计希思罗容量已达到饱和，而机场扩建的另一选址盖特威克将在2020年达到饱和。根据世界经济论坛数据显示，英国道路质量在世界排名低至30名，仅略高于智利和斯里兰卡。大卫·卡梅伦首相意识到了这个问题。于4月14号发表的保守党宣言承诺要坚持原有计划，花费150亿英镑(220亿美元)在道路网建设上，下一届议会将花费380亿在铁路建设上。卡梅伦也重申了对HS2(花费420亿英镑新建的从伦敦到曼彻斯特的高铁)的支持。
    Yet in doing so, Mr Cameron has infuriated many natural Conservative
voters. HS2, which runsthrough a series of safe blue seats in Buckinghamshire,
is particularly divisive. The railway is a“headache” on the doorstep, admits one
Conservative MP seeking re-election, as he is oftenlimited in how vocally he can
oppose it. To add to Tory woes, the UK Independence Party,which scooped up six
council seats in 2013 along the route, is making hay on the issue. Itclaims to
be the “only” party against the “construction disruption” HS2 will bring
(although theGreen Party also opposes it).
    然而这样做，卡梅伦激怒了很多保守派选民。HS2虽在白金汉宫里赢得了一众议员的支持，但特别有争议性。一保守党人承认，该铁路确实是家门口的“麻烦”，他正在试图重新当选，因为他能发出的反对之声是有限的。新晋的托利党敌人、2013年在沿线捞得了6个议会席位的英国独立党正借此事获取私利。它声称是“唯一”反对HS2带来的“建筑破坏”的政党(尽管绿党同样也反对HS2)。
    NIMBYs pose difficulties for any government, but particularly for Mr
Cameron's, which has oftentrumpeted the notion that it is investing in Britain's
infrastructure to levels not seen since theVictorian era. If economic growth is
to be sustainable, then more infrastructure will be neededto support it. But if
Heathrow is given the go-ahead for expansion, for instance, it will be“campaign,
campaign and campaign again,” warns Barbara Reid, a local resident and
formerConservative councillor. Getting Britain moving will require a big push
from the next government—especially if the Tories win.
    邻避主义者给任何政府都带来了麻烦，但对卡梅伦政府来说尤其如此，它经常吹嘘在为英国基础建设投资上，其规模之大自维多利亚时代以来都十分罕见。如果经济增长稳定的话，就需要更多的基础设施来支持。当地居民且曾为保守党议员的芭芭拉·瑞德警告，如果希思罗的扩建得到许可，它将演化成“竞选，竞选，再竞选”。要让英国继续前进需要下一届政府大力推一把——特别是托利党当选的话。
    1.tend to 趋向;偏重
    例句:They also tend to get paid higher salaries.
    他们也会得到更高的工资。
    2.vote for 投票赞成;建议
    例句:Visitors can vote for the object they thinkshould be disposed of.
    参观者可参与投票，选出他们认为该处理掉的物品。
    3.point to 表明
    例句:Analysts point to several elements likely to lift prices.
    分析师指出了可能会提高玉米期货价格的几个因素。
    4.plan to 打算,计划
    例句:Many plan to stomach more risk.
    许多人计划承担更多的风险。