2015年考研英语：十二大基础语法详解（30）

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词汇和语法是考研英语的基础，有了它们英语学习才能够融会贯通，不断深入。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。可是很多同学往往都注重对词汇的积累，忽略了对语法的把握。下面新东方在线小编分享2015年考研英语：十二大基础语法详解，希望通过学习，考生能够熟练掌握语法知识，提高做题效率。
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    2.指物的关系代词which和that的用法：
    (1)作主语
    This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the
computer.
    这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明手册。
    (2)作宾语包括作介词宾馆。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略：
    The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.
    你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。
    The film (which/that) I saw last night was about a soldier who fought in
WWII.
    我昨天晚上看的那部电影是关于一个在二战中打过仗的士兵的。
    (本句有两个定语从句。)
    This is the bike for which I paid $ 100.
    这就是我花了100美元买的那辆自行车。
    The car(which/that)he went in was a black Cadillac.
    他坐在里面走了的那辆汽车是一辆黑色的卡迪拉克。
    The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention
to, are in balance.
    我一直非常注意的公司账目，是保持平衡的。
    　　3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物，作定语。of which 可用whose 代替;
    The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all
broken was my father’s.
    那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的。
    例：His house of which the windows (the windows of which /whose windows) were
all broken was a depressing sight.
    他那所有窗户都坏了的房子真是目不忍睹。
    That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was
broken.
    这就是那本封皮破了的书。
    　　4.关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致。特别要注意插入语，
    如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the
contract. Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入语)
    At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most
suitable.
    在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票。
    　　5.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致：
    例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English
。
    这就是用英文写成的使用说明。
    Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly completed and which
/that has 15 bedrooms, 3 kitchens and 4 toilets?
    你是住在那幢刚刚竣工、有15个卧室、3个病房和4个卫生间的白色房子里吗?
    So far as I know, there are many VIPs who are going to attend the
reception.
    就我所知有很多达官贵人将出席这个招待会。
    6.非限定性定语从句不用that，只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物;
    例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。
    她的兄弟们??两个人都在美国工作??每个星期都给她打电话。
    The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry
crowd，
    那些公共汽车??大多已经坐满了人??被一群愤怒的人围着。
    That tower block, which cost five million dollars to build, has been empty
for five years.
    那个塔楼空着已经5年了。建它花了500万美元。
    Cricket, which I know very little about, is a very popular sport in
England。
    板球是英格兰非常流行的体育活动，我对它知之甚少。
    The accounts of the company ,which I’ve been paying great attention to, are
in balance.
    公司的账目是保持平衡的。我一直非常注意这些账目。
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