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考研英语阅读理解是重头戏,分值大,比重高,考生在复习总也要多做练习,提高阅读速度和做题技巧。下面新东方在线小编份上2015考研英语阅读理解强化练习及解析希望考生先做练习后看解析,多思考总结,提高自己的阅读水平。》》点击查看:2015年考研英语复习指导专题
2015考研英语阅读理解强化练习及解析(17)
Since the dawn ofhuman ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning
tools to cope with workthat is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain
nasty. That compulsion hasresulted in robotics—the science of conferring various
human capabilities on machines.And if scientists have yet to create the
mechanical version of science fiction,they have begun to come close。
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated byintelligent
gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universalexistence has removed
much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm ofrobot assembly arms. Our
banking is done at automated teller terminals thatthank us with mechanical
politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains arecontrolled by tireless
robot-drivers. And thanks to the continualminiaturization of electronics and
micro-mechanics, there are already robotsystems that can perform some kinds of
brain and bone surgery withsubmillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than
highly skilled physicians can achievewith their hands alone。
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will
have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make atleast a few
decisions for themselves—goals that pose areal challenge. “While we know how to
tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says DaveLavery, manager of a robotics
program at NASA, “we can't yet give arobot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably
interact with a dynamic world。”
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced verymixed
results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s whenit
appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copythe
action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begunto
extend that forecast by decades if not centuries。
What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the humanbrain's
roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and
humanperception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built
robots that can recognizethe error of a machine panel by a fraction of a
millimeter in a controlledfactory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a
rapidly changing sceneand immediately disregard the 98 percent that is
irrelevant, instantaneouslyfocusing on the monkey at the side of a winding
forest road or the singlesuspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced
computer systems on Earthcan't approach that kind of ability, and
neuroscientists still don't know quitehow we do it。
26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in
[A]the use of machines to produce science fiction。
[B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry。
[C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.
[D]the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.
27. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means
[A]programs.
[B]experts.
[C]devices.
[D]creatures。
28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is todesign a
robot that can
[A]fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery。
[B]interact with human beings verbally。
[C]have a little common sense。
[D]respond independently to a changing world。
29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also
[A]make a few decisions for themselves。
[B]deal with some errors with human intervention。
[C]improve factory environments。
[D]cultivate human creativity。
30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robotsare
[A]expected to copy human brain in internal structure。
[B]able to perceive abnormalities immediately。
[C]far less able than human brain in focusing on relevantinformation。
[D]best used in a controlled environment。
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