考研英语阅读篇章: 日本重男轻女的观念正在改变

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    考研英语阅读篇章: 日本重男轻女的观念正在改变
    Unlike other East Asian nations where preference for sons over daughters
still prevails, gender preference for children in Japan has progressively
shifted from son preference to visible daughter preference over the past few
decades.
    在其他东亚国家重男轻女趋向仍然盛行的今天，日本过去几十年的儿童性别偏好已逐步从重男轻女转向明显的女儿偏好。
    The extent to which individuals' child gender preference is shaped by their
gender role attitudes and evaluate whether daughter preference. It is a
reflection of convergence(收敛，集合) or persistent divergence in gender roles in
Japan.
    Data from the Single Persons subset of the 11th Japanese National Fertility
Survey conducted by the National Institute of Population and Social Security
Research in 1997 suggests that the effect of gender role attitudes on one's
child gender preference differs for men and women. Overall, while daughter
preference is associated with nontraditional gender role attitudes for men,
daughter preference is associated with traditional attitudes for women.
    The tendency for preference for daughters among the Japanese has been
revealed by a number of large-scale national surveys. Empirical papers on the
topic have also been published in Japanese journals. Research on gender
preference for children in Japan is in fact not a new area within the Japanese
sociological and demographic literature.
    Gender preference for children in Japan has progressively shifted from son
preference to visible daughter preference over the past few decades. This may
appear shocking to sociologists and demographers since it has been long believed
that preference for sons over daughters prevails in populations of East Asia.
There is a large volume of published research that uncovers parental son
preference in countries such as China and the Republic of Korea. However, not
much research has been published on the state of this issue in Japan. Such
chronic lack of interest is perhaps attributable to: (1) the assumption that
Japan is similar in its gender preferences for children to its neighbors because
of its geographic proximity and shared Confucius background; and/or (2) the
presumption(放肆，推测) that the Japanese exhibit less or no son preference given its
higher level of economic development, thereby making it less appealing to
examine. However, because daughter preference has become evident in Japan, it is
time to give more attention to the issue.
    The issue of parental gender preferences for children has implication not
only for human rights but also for its demographic impact. In developing
countries, salient son preference causes sex-selective abortion, female
infanticide, or female neglect. Also, we know from research on China that son
preference coupled with strict fertility regulations has raised the issue of
imbalanced sex ratios at birth. Thus, an emergence of skewed sex ratios at birth
is a likely scenario if daughter preference continues to be common in a society
with declining fertility.