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发表于 2017-8-6 17:02:36
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3.巧用句型
3.1 There be句型
图画作文中,描述图画常常使用there be句型。there be句型的结构为:There be
+名词+地点,表达“某地方有某物”。这个句型有不足之处:be动词过于单调,名词前缺修饰。因此,there
be句型有两个巧变策略,第一,灵活使用谓语动词替换be动词;第二,使用不同的量词组合修饰名词。
第一,谓语动词替换be动词。例如:
(1)There stands+(量词)名+(形容词)地点
(2)There exists+(量词)名词+(形容词)地点
(3)There lies +(量词)名词+(形容词)地点
(4)There sits+(量词)名词+(形容词)地点
(5)There vividly describes+(量词)名+(形容词)地点
例如,2000年真题A Brief History of World Commercial
Fishing,描写两幅图的特点:“海里有很多鱼”“海里有很多船”,采用基本there be句型,如下:
a.There were a lot of fishes in the sea.
b.There were a lot of boats in the sea.
如果灵活使用中间的动词,并会写高级量词就不一样,可改写为:
a.In 1900, there existed a variety of fishes in the sea.
b.In 1900, there existed various kinds of boats in the sea.
there be的巧变句型应用到更多真题的图画描述中,使单调的there be句型变得生动起来。
There stands a charming American girl in the picture above.(2002年真题)
There stands a pot of fresh flower in a warm and comfortable room.
(2003年真题)
There stand two soccer players in a football field. (2007年真题)
There sit a large number of youngsters at their computers.(2009年真题)
There lie a variety of foods in a large hot pot. (2010年真题)
第二,当涉及名词数量时,常见的表达有a lot of, many, much, more and more,其实表述数量的写法有很多,a large
number of(很多),a growing number of(越来越多),a variety of(各式各样),various kinds
of(各式各样),同样的意思,可使用多种表达方式。如表所示:
我们如果进行写作对比,就能看到使用巧变句型与不用之间的差异,例如:
It is vividly illustrated in the upper cartoon that a lot of fishes were
swimming freely in the sea, while only one fishing boat was catching them in
1900. On the contrary, many boats were fishing the only one fish in
1995.(2000年"商业捕鱼"真题)
在上述句子中,a lot of和many使这句话平实许多。下面利用there be句型,量词组合,再用so…that…句型,就可润色修改为:
It is vividly illustrated in the upper cartoon,in 1900, there existed a
large number of fishes in the vast ocean while only one fishing boat was
catching them. In 1995, on the contrary, there lied a growing number of fishing
boats, and the number of fishes decreased so sharply that only one of them
left.
参考译文:以上图片生动描绘了,1900年,海洋中有大量的鱼类,只有一艘捕鱼船。相反,到1995年,出现了越来越多的捕鱼船,鱼的数量急剧下降,只剩一条鱼。
3.2 例举句型
近10年真题中,图画人物的数量出现了以下情况:单人单物体描述5次(1998年、2001年、2002年、2004年、2010年),双人描述4次(2006年、2007年、2008年、2012年),多人多物出现过3次(2005年、2009年、2011年)。描写图画中多于一个以上的人或物时,一些看似不起眼的例举句型,只要学会巧用,作文就有亮光。常见的例举句型有:
(1)either+名词 or+名词+动词(或者……或者……)
(2)Neither of +名词(你也不……我也不……)
(3)None of them+动词(三者以上都不……)
(4)Some+动词,while others+动词,some few doing(一些……, 另一些,还有几个……)
(5)one+动词,while the other+动词(一个……而另一个……)
描述多人图画时可以用Some……,while others……,some few ……(一些……,
另一些,还有几个……)结构,解决常见主语people, some people, we, someone的泛滥问题。例如:
There stands three sons and a daughter in the picture above. Some of them
are surrounding their father, while others kick him back and forth like a
football, because none of them is willing to take care of him.
(2005年"足球赛"真题)
参考译文:三个儿子和一个女儿围着他们可怜的父亲,把他像足球一样踢来踢去,因为谁也不想照顾自己的父亲。
Some are playing computer games, while others are chatting on line, some
few searching for information.(2009年"网络的近与远"真题)
参考译文:图画中的年轻人有的在打电脑游戏,有的在网上聊天,还有的在搜集信息。
如果出现两人或两幅图画时,可以用例举的句型both of them, neither of them, one, while the
other等,安排两个并列的主语。例如:
One of them paints on his face the name of a football star, while the other
pays as much as 300 RMB for Beckham's hairstyle. (2006年"追星"真题)
参考译文:一个年轻人把足球明星的名字写在脸上,而另一个年轻人为了贝克汉姆的发型就花了300块钱。
But neither of them is afraid of difficulty. Both of them are walking
forward, shoulder to shoulder.(2008年"合作"真题)
参考译文:两个年轻人都不怕困难,他们肩并肩向前走。
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