2015考研英语阅读的选项设置解密

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“一年之计在于春”，眼下正是春意盎然之时，对于考研的学子们来说，“春”并不是单纯的赏花踏青的时节，而是备战考研的关键起点!那么，如何在春季做好基础阶段的考研英语备考呢?提醒大家，此时，要抓住复习的三个重点：词汇意义辨析;语法长难句分析;阅读文章解析。这三个部分我们已经在前边的文章中做过了阐述。尤其是阅读部分历来都是考研英语的“重头戏”，今天的文章就重点说一说考研英语阅读的选项设置问题。
    一、从状语等修饰语的角度出题
    考研英语阅读的文章句子一般较长，出题人往往只从句子当中的某一个成分处设题，特别是定语成分和状语成分。例如：
    Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children — though not Hemings herself or
his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that
all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders
during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to
grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act
would have required legislative approval in Virginia.
    40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his
    [A] moral considerations.
    [B] military experience.
    [C] financial conditions.
    [D] political stand.
    【解析】题干问的是华盛顿给奴隶自由的决定是源于什么，也就是问原因，显然我们需要找原因状语的分。文中最后一段的“Washington, who had
begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of
the black solders during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition
of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.”明确指出是因为：after
observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary
War，华盛顿才做了这个决定，所以答案选[B]“军事经历”。
                    

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　　二、对原句进行同义词替换
    对原文句子中个别词汇进行同义词替换，从而制造出同义答案，这是考研阅读选项设置的常见手法。大家需要在做题的过程中不断积累同意替换词。
    Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.
During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth
canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our
feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily
withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real
constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual
organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
    33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably
agree?
    [A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.
    [B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.
    [C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.
    [D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
    【解析】这个题目需要对选项进行排除。文中第三句说：even though humans have been upright for millions
of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot
easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.
尽管人类已经直立行走了很多年，我们的脚和背都在承受的直立行走的压力，不能够承受大型的肢体所带来的持续压力。由此可以推断出，人类身高收到直立行走的限制，选项[B]中conditioned是对原文struggle
with的同义转述。
                    

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    三、对转折或否定进行正反替换
    原文中用否定方式表达的内容，选项中可能用肯定的方式把同样的意思表述出来。同样，原文中用肯定方式所表达的内容，命题者在设定选项时可能用否定的方式来进行同义转述(如双重否定句，或者一个否定形式加上另一个否定词如never,
none等)。
    How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five
years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute
this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the
business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.
    54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the
1990s can be attributed to the.
    [A] turning of the business cycle
    [B] restructuring of industry
    [C] improved business management
    [D] success in education
    【解析】答案出处显然定位在第二句，“没有几个美国人将此仅仅归因于美元贬值或商业周期变化这样显而易见的原因”。关键在“显而易见”，说明“美元贬值或商业周期变化”是作者认同的原因。原文用表示否定的词“few”进行表述，而选项则用了肯定方式表达了同一意思。
    阅读文章分析，是做好阅读的基础，必须做到精细到位!而研究选项设置则是我们提高阅读应试技巧的必要手段，所以请大家务必在学习的过程中多关注选项的设置方法，积累同义替换词。大家可以从早年阅读真题开始做起，慢慢积累学习经验。考研，“贵在坚持”，你我共勉之!