考研英语阅读理解专项练习006

考研网

新东方在线汇集整理了2013年考研英语阅读理解专项练习供考生参考，希望对参加2014考研的同学有所帮助，了解更多复习资料请持续关注新东方考研频道!
    Thatanecologicalcrisisconfrontshumankindisnowsocentraltoourthinkingthatthenotionthathumanbeingsadapttotheirnaturalenvironmentseemsobvious.Butecologicalinterpretationsofworldhistoryaresurprisinglyrecent.Sociologists,inattemptingtoclassifysocieties,havelookedincreasinglytoapeople’srelationshipwiththeirnaturalenvironmentand,providefood,clothing,andshelter.Humanbeingsmeettheseneedsinawidevarietyofenvironments,includingdeserts,rainforests,grasslands,andsoon.Suchenvironmentsarepartofecosystem,acomplexwebofinterdependenciesamongorganisms,communitiesoforganisms,andthenaturalhabital.Somesocietalvariationderivesfromthedifferentdemandsmadebydifferentecosystems.Customsandwaysoflifethatwouldbeadaptiveinoneecosystemwouldbemaladaptiveinanother.
Weconfrontahabitatandevolveamodeofexistencenotsomuchasloneindividuals,butcooperativelyaslargersocialunits.Socialorganizationandtechnologyareourchiefadaptivemechanisms.Socialorganizationdevelopsaswecreatestable,orderedrelationshipsandbecomeinfusedwithcommonculturaltraits.Muchdependsonwhetherornotourvalues,norms,beliefsandinstitutionsfavororforeclosenewavenuesofadaption.Likewise,technology-theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticaleds-allowsustoharnessandchangeaspectsofourenvironment.Initsbroadestsense,technologyentailsthepracticalartsandskillsofhumansociety.Astechnologyhasbecomemoreadvanced,wehavegainedaccesstogreateramountsofnonhumanenergy(animal,water,fossilfuel,solar,andsoon).Inturen,newsourcesofenergyhaveallowedourculturestoexpandandchange.Otherchangesfollowaswell.
Theauthorpointsoutthatdifferencesinpeopls’swaysoflifecomefrom_____.
A．theirculturaltraditions
B．theiradaptionstotheenvironment
C．theirdemandsfornaturalresources
D．theirnotionsabouttheenvironment
Differentwaysoflifeexistamongdifferentpeoplesbecauseof_____.
A．theiradaptivevalue
B．theirdistinctivevalue
C．lackofbettertechnology
D．mutualisolation
Socialorganizationsandtechnologydevelopasaresultofpeople’s_____.
A．adaptationtotheenvironment
B．attempttochangenature
C．effortstocreatepeacefulsocieties
D．desiretocreatebiggersocieties
Theultimategoalindevelopingtechnologyisforpeopleto_____.
A．getpracticalskillsandarts
B．obtaingreateramountsofenergy
C．effectsocialchanges
D．createnewcultures