2015考研英语翻译最后冲刺模拟（一）

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考研冲刺倒计时5天，考生在本周的复习要把握重点，针对不同科目，不同部分的复习要进行区别对待。对于考研英语翻译，考生不妨多做几个模拟练习，把握以下翻译的逻辑和结构分析。下面我们来看2015考研英语翻译最后冲刺模拟（一）。善后回附上答案，大家可以进行对照。
    2015考研英语翻译最后冲刺模拟（一）
   
    Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the
production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services.
Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises,
and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select.
(1) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and
ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in
human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social
contexts.
    Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (2) The first,
price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand
in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates,
profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave
rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much
pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part,
entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.
    The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of
national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General
Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the British economist John
Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the
total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, business
investors, and governments, (3) Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total
demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by
businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by
government.
    Economic issues have occupied people’s minds throughout the ages. (4)
Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property,
and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce, feeling that to live
by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the
Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade. (5) During the Middle Ages the
economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the
church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded
commerce as inferior to agriculture.
    Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral
philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes
of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam
Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics
of Smith and his 19th-century successors.