2015年考研英语翻译练习（text 6）

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    2015年考研英语翻译练习（text 6）
    Almost all our major problems involve human behavior，and they cannot be
solved by physical and biological technology alone.What is needed is a
technology of behavior，but we have been slow to develop the science from which
such a technology might be drawn.61)One difficulty is that almost all of what is
called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of
mind，feelings，traits of character，human nature，and so on.Physics and biology
once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded
them.62)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the
explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other
kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously
important，but its role has remained obscure.It does not push or pull，it
selects，and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.63)The role of
natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred
years ago，and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining
the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As
the interaction between organism and environment has come to be
understood，however，effects once assigned to states of mind，feelings，and traits
are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions，and a technology of behavior
may therefore become available.It will not solve our problems，however，until it
replaces traditional pre_scientific views，and these are strongly
entrenched.Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.64)They are the
possessions of the autonomous(self_governing)man of traditional theory，and they
are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct
and given credit for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the
responsibility and the achievement to the environment.It also raises questions
concerning“values”.Who will use a technology and to what ends?65)Until these
issues are resolved，a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected，and
with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.