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发表于 2017-8-6 14:21:16
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对于基础较好的同学,要想取得考研的写作高分,应做到丰富多变。这体现在词汇和句型两个方面。同一词或短语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现,而应尽量使用同义词、近义词替换(无法替换的关键词除外)。例如明显的obvious可以用apparent,evident和manifest等词替换。此外,句型句式也应突出丰富多变,下面主要讲讲名词性从句。
在主从复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下,主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以,我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句,把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)如whether,that,who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where,how,why等引导。 它们的特点是:1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。For example:
Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗?(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是whom are they looking for?)
I don't know who did it. 我不知道这是谁干的。(宾语从句。在从句中如果疑问词作主语,其陈述语序和疑问语序一致。)
She asked me where I had been. 她问我到哪儿去了。(宾语从句。陈述语序,不能是where had I been. 直接引语,间接引语。注意这句话的时态。)
Can you tell me when the train will arrive? 你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗?(宾语从句。陈述语序,不能是when will the train arrive. 直接引语,间接引语。)
I don't know why he hasn't come yet. 我不知道他为什么还没来。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是why hasn't he come yet.)
He didn't tell me what you were doing. 他没和我说你在干什么。(宾语从句,陈述语序。不能是what were you doing.)
What you have done might do harm t other people. 你所做过的事情有可能伤害别人。(主语从句。what 作从句的宾语。陈述语序,不能是what have you done. 如果用疑问语序,意思发生了变化,成了"你做了什么?"。)
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