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Thevaluewhichsocietyplacesonworkhastraditionallybeencloselyassociatedwiththevalueofindividualismandasaresultithashadnegativeeffectsonthedevelopmentofsocialsecurity.(46)Ithasmeantthatinthefirstplacetheamountofbenefitsmustbesmalllestpeople’swillingnesstoworkandsupportthemselvessuffers.Eventodaywithflatrateandearnings-relatedbenefits,thetotalamountofthebenefitmustalwaysbesmallerthantheperson’swagesforfearofmalingering.“Thepurposeofsocialsecurity,”saidHuntfordreferringtoSweden’scomparativelygenerousbenefits,“istodispelneedwithoutcrossingthethresholdofprosperity.”Second,socialsecuritybenefitsaregrantedunderconditionsdesignedtoreducethelikelihoodofeventheboldestofspiritsattemptingtoliveontheStateratherthanwork.Manyoftherulessurroundingthepaymentofunemploymentorsupplementarybenefitareforthispurpose.Third,thevalueplacedonworkismanifestedinamorepositivewayasinthecaseofdisability.(47)Peoplesufferingfromaccidentsincurredatworkorfromoccupationaldiseasesreceivepreferentialtreatmentbythesocialsecurityservicecomparedwiththosesufferingfromcivilaccidentsandordinaryillnesses.
Yet,thestrangleholdwhichworkhashadonthesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyloosenedovertheyears.Theprovisionoffamilyallowances,familyincomesupplements,theslightliberalizationofthewagesstoparesomeofthemanifestationsofthistrend.(48)Similarly,thepreferentialtreatmentgiventooccupationaldisabilitybythesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyquestionedwiththedemandsfortheupgradingofbenefitsfortheothertypesofdisability.Itisfeltthatincontemporaryindustrialsocietiesthedistinctionbetweenoccupationalandnon-occupationaldisabilityisartificialformanynon-occupationalformsofdisabilityhaveanindustrialorigineveniftheydonotoccurdirectlyintheworkplace.(49)Thereisalsotheadditionalreasonwhichwementionedintheargumentforonebenefitforallone-parentfamilies,thatamodernsocialsecurityservicemustconcentrateonmeetingneedsirrespectiveofthecausebehindsuchneeds.
Therelationshipbetweensocialsecurityandworkisnotallaone-wayaffair.(50)Itistruethatuntilveryrecentlythegeneralviewwasthatsocialsecurity“representedatypeofluxuryandwasessentiallyanti-economic.”Itwasseenasmerelygovernmentexpenditurefortheneedy.Aswesaw,however,redundancypaymentsandearnings-relatedunemploymentbenefitshavebeenusedwithsomesuccessbyemployersandthegovernmenttoreduceworkers’oppositiontowardslossoftheirjobs.
总体分析
这是一篇关于社会保障的文章，主要论述社会赋予工作的价值这种观点所带来的后果，并指出虽然社会保障存在一些问题，但是仍有成效可见。
第一段：先提出社会赋予工作的价值在传统上一直与个人主义紧密联系在一起，因此对社会保障的发展产生了负面的影响。接着具体论述了三点影响。
第二段：转折指出，近年来工作对社会保障的束缚日益松解。接着作者又提到现代工业社会中工伤和非工伤的区别是虚假的，最后提到单亲家庭的救济理由，即一个现代的社会保障体系必须专注于满足需求，不管这些需求的背后有何原因。
第三段：综述社会保障和工作之间的关系。并指出看待社会保障的几种观点。
文章是有关社会生活的评论性文章，所用词汇绝大多数为书面用语，句子结构也比较复杂，长句较多。此外，这篇文章的主题“社会保障”是社会生活中比较常见的话题，所以考生可以结合常识理解。由此可见，考生平时应该注意一些有关社会文化生活的中英文报道，一方面熟悉常用词汇，一方面积累常识性知识。
文章考核的知识点：(一)状语，包括目的状语从句，分词作状语，介词短语作状语。(二)定语，包括定语从句，过去分词作定语等。(三)it为形式主语的主语从句。(四)同位语. |
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发表于 2017-8-6 14:11:36