2015年MBA备考冲刺英语：英语语法概述(九)

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　　第九节 非谓语动词作词宾语和宾语补足语
        一、非谓语动词(短语)作动词宾语
    1. 要求动词+-ing作宾语的动词
    有些动词只要求动词+-ing作宾语, 这类动词有:admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate,
appreciate, avoid, consider,delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy,
finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, miss, pardon, permit,
postpone, prevent, quit, regret, require, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest,
understand, can’t help (couldn’t help), stand 等, 例如:
    I couldn’t help feeling proud of our country.
    Someone suggested organizing an outing to the Western Hills.
    I suggest our going to the park on Sunday.我建议我们星期天去公园。
    It has stopped raining.雨停了。
    They risked losing their jobs.他们冒着失去工作的风险。
    The roof requires repairing.屋顶需要修理了。
    I believe you will regret leaving Paris.我相信你会为离开巴黎而后悔的。
    He has quit smoking.他已戒了烟。
    They postponed sending an answer to a request.他们耽搁了对一项请求的答覆。
    The child kept asking me questions.这孩子老是问我问题。
    She missed going to the party on Saturday.星期六她没能出席聚会。
    Would you mind switching the television to channel 8?请把电视转到八频道好吗?
    Your wish to go for a walk does not justify your leaving the baby alone in
the house. 你想出去散步并不证明将婴儿独自留在屋中是对的。
    Can you imagine her becoming a pilot? 你能想象她成了飞行员吗?
    I haven’t finished reading the book yet.我还没读完这本书。
    Fancy sitting in the sun all day!想一想整天坐在太阳底下的滋味吧!
    We were lucky to escape being punished.我们很幸运,没有受罚。
    I enjoyed reading these books very much.我很喜欢读这些书。
    I cannot endure being disturbed in my work. 我不能忍受在工作的时候受人干扰。
   
                    

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    He denied having seen these watches before.他否认曾经见过这些手表。
    Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished.
我们的老师不容许欺骗行为不受到惩罚。
    We’re considering moving to Seattle.我们考虑搬往西雅图。
    They all avoided mentioning that name.他们都避免提及那名字。
    He anticipated his deriving much instruction from the lecture.
他期望从这次演讲中得到很多教益。
    I admitted breaking the window.我承认打破了窗子。
    I advised against their doing it. 我劝他们不要做这件事。
    He advocates reforming the prison system.他主张改良监狱制度。
    某些动词词组也要求动词+-ing作宾语, 例如: give up, leave off, put off (注:
这些动词短语均为动词+副词结构)以及amound to, be accustomed to, be used to, be opposed to, devote
to, feel like,look forward to, object to, resort to(依靠、求助于), submit to(屈服于)
等。例如:
    Mr. Smith gave up smoking according to his doctor’s advice.
    Do you feel like having a walk with us in the woods by the sea?
    Some people in the rich world are opposed to doing business with poor
countries.
    有时在形容词后面也要求用动词+-ing, 例如: busy, worth, worthwhile等。例如:
    Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?
    I am busy writing a novel.我正忙于写小说。
    That novel is not worth reading.那部小说不值得一读。
    还有在Point, trouble, difficulty 等名词后, 也用动词+-ing。例如:
    There is not much point (in) thinking about it.
    There is no point in complaining. They can’t do anything to help
you.抱怨于事无补;他们没办法帮助你。
    American businessmen have difficulty (in) understanding their Japanese
counterparts.
    I had a little trouble learning English grammar.我学英文语法有过一点困难。
    注: 在 it’s no use, it’s not much use, it’s no good 后要求用动词+-ing。但是在it is of
no use 后则要用动词不定式。例如:
    It’s no use crying about it. You must do something.
    It’s no good writing to him; he never answers letters.
    It’s of no use to cry over spilt milk.
    2. 要求动词不定式作宾语的动词
    有些动词后面可以跟动词不定式, 这类动词有: afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, assist, attempt,
(can’t) bear, beg, begin, bother, care cease, choose, claim, continue, dare,
decide, demand, eserve, desire, determine, dislike, endeavour, expect, fail,
fear, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love,
manage, mean,need, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise,
propose,refuse, regret, remember, require, seek, start, strive, swear, tend,
think,threaten, try, undertake, want, wish 等。例如: ：
    Don’t hesitate to ask me questions if you don’t understand.
    He endeavoured to adopt a positive but realistic attitude to the issue.
    He endeavored to streamline the plant organization.他努力使工厂组织简化而更有效地运作
    Philip politely pretended not to have heard this remark.
   
                    

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　　3. 在有些动词后面既可以跟动词+-ing, 也可以跟动词不定式这类动词有: attempt, (can’t)bear, begin, cease,
continue, deserve, dislike, dread, ear,forget, hate, intend, like, love, need,
neglect, plan, prefer, propose, regret,remember, require, start, try, want
等。
    在有些动词后面, 两种结构之间的意义差别不大。例如:
    He prefers writing (to write) an outline before he writes a summary.
    He had really intended staying (to stay) longer.
    但在某些动词之后, 两种结构之间的意义差别较明显:
    We must try to solve this problem.我们必须设法解决这个问题。
    We can try solving this problem in other ways.我们可以试用另一些方法来解决这一问题。
    I must remember to pay you for the ticket.我一定要记住把电影票的钱支付给你。
    I don’t remembe paying you for the tickets.我不记得已把电影票的钱支付给你了。
    这类词还有forget, mean, regret等。
    demand, deserve, need, require, want 等词既可以要求动词+-ing作宾语,
也可以要求动词不定式的被动式作宾语。例如:
    John’s house in the country wants painting.
    John’s house in the country wants to be painted.
    这两种结构意义相同。
    还有像go on, stop 这类动词如果后接动词+-ing 则表示继续(做某事)或停止(做某事);
而如果后接动词不定式则表示前面一个动作已结束或停止, 继之做另一个动作。例如:
    The robot first reads the engineering drawing and then goes on to
    assemble the parts
    机器人首先阅读工程图纸, 然后根据图约安装零部件。
    Some students went on working on their examination when the bell rang.
    当铃声响的时候, 一些学生还在继续做考试题。
    二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
    要求动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice,
observe, see和watch。在这些动词后面, 做宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。例如:
    I’ll try to get someone repair the recorder for you.
    Electricity makes the motor run.
    I heard him say so.我听到他这么说过。
    She would not let the child do it.她不会让孩子做这事的。
    I observed him stop at the gate.我看到他在门口停下来。
    I watched him put on his coat.我看着他穿上衣服。
    但是当这些动词用于被动语态时, 后面的动词不定式则必须带to:
    The motor is made to run by electricity.
    在 cannot but, do nothing but (except), had better, had best, rather than,
would rather 。.than 和 would sooner than等结构后要求不带to的动词不定式。例如:
    I have done nothing except do what I should.
    One cannot but admire her even if one may not like her.你即使不喜欢她也只得佩服她。
    要求动词+-ing(短语)作宾语补足语的动词有: discover, feel, find, have, hear, keep, leave,
like, need, notice,observe, report, see, smell, spot, want, watch 等。例如:
    Male secretaries sometimes find themselves mistaken for higher status
    professionals.
    You can have your tape recorder repaired in the shop over there.
    其中在see, hear, feel, observe, watch, notice 等动词后, 既可以用不定式作宾语补足语,
也可以用动词+-ing作宾语补足语。前者强调动作发生的?事实( 即动作全部过程结束 ), 后者则强调动作的进行过程(即动作正在进行)。
    Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off.
    I saw him making the experiment.
   
                    

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    注: 如果是过去分词作宾语补足语, 则表示过去分词所表示的动作在谓语?动词所表示的动作发生之前已经完成。例如:
    We found the work completely done.
    Exercise 9--I Fill in the blands with proper verb forms:
    1. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them ____
    (practise) every night this week.
    2. We will have you ____ (know) that the machine has been made ____
    (work) at full speed.
    3. The injured man could do nothing but____(wait) for the doctor to
    arrive.
    4. You had better ____(reserve) your seats today if you want to go to
    the game.
    5. We would rather put the meeting off than ____(hold) it without ：
    adequate preparation.
    6. She likes to ____(listen)to the rain ____(patter)on the
window-panes.
    7. I would like you ____(bring) the book which I lent you three months
ago.
    8. If your pencil is let ____(drop)to the floor, you can see gravity in
    action.
    9. Suddenly we felt the atmosphere ____(grow) tense.
    10. He was seen____(drive) the car at high speed on the highway
yesterday.
    11. I know it’s not important but I can’t help ____(think) about it.
    12. That place is worth ____(travel) hundreds of miles to visit.
    13. Do you mean ____(risk)____(catch) cold by going out now that it has
    started pouring with rain?
    14. How do you always manage ____(escape) ____(help)to do the
washing-up?
    15. I can’t stand people ____(shout) and ____(push) on the street.
    16. We shall appreciate ____(discuss) the matter with you again.
    17. It is of no use ____(argue) about it because he will never
    change his mind.
    18. It is not much use ____(have) a bicycle if you don’t know how to
    ride it.
    19. If we go ____(camp), we ought to take some food with us.
    20. They don’t allow____(make) noise in the classroom building.
    Exercise 9-II Fill in the blands with proper verb forms and then
    translate the sentences into Chinese:
    1. I forget ____(collect) your homework yesterday.
    2. I shall dnever forget ____(go)with you to see the President.
    3. Try ____(sit)still in a chair in a darkened room; you will
    be surprised how fast you’ll get sleepy.
    4. My sister tried ____(cheer)me up by every possible means.
    5. A party tonight will mean ____(work) extra hard tomorrow.
    6. I meant ____(ring) you but I’m afraid I forgot.
    7. I regret ____(say) it was your fault.
    8. I regret ____(say) you have failed in the examination.
    9. I don’t like ____(swim) today because it is too cold.
    10. Tom has lived in a village on the sea and he likes ____(swim)very
much.
    11. We won’t have him ____(do)the work owing to his health.
    12. We saw the machine tools ____(assemble), when we visited the
    factory last week.
    13. Did you see Mr. Chang____(switch)off the light
    14. At this moment he felt his heart____(beat)hard.
    15. I want to gent something ____(read)during the vocation.
    Exercise 9--III Choose the one answer that best complete the sentence:
    1. Nobody enjoys having a tooth ____.
    A. drill and fill B. drilling and filling
    C. to drill and fill D. drilled and filled
    2. It’s no use our ____any longer. He may come by any train. He is
    used to finding his way around.
    A. to wait B. waiting
    C. to have waited D. having waited
    3. The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than
    ____with his knees bent.
    A. to live B. living
    C. live D. lived
    4. I forgot ____her that my coat buttons need to be sewn on.
    A. reminding B. having reminded
    C. to remind D. to have reminded
    5. It’s no good ____remember grammatical rules. You need to practise
    what you have learned.
    A. trying to B. to try to
    C. try to D. tried to
    6. I feel like ____to the owner of the house to complain.
    A. writing B. to write
    C. write D. having written
    7. As we approached the village we saw many new houses____.
    A. built B. build ：
    C. being built D. building
    8. Tim cannot but ____ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty
    he has in doing his project.
    A. to ask B. ask
    C. asking D. asked
    9. Would you mind ____ quiet for a moment? I am trying ____a form.
    A. keeping; filling out B. to keep; to fill out
    C. keeping; to fill out D. to keep; filling out
    10. I don’t remember ____ to professor Brown during my last visit
    to Harvard.
    A. having introduced B. having been introduced
    C. to have introduced D. to have been introduced
    11. "Why did you leave the meeting early?" "I found the discussion
____."
    A. boring B. bored
    C. bore D. boredom
   
                    

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    12. The electric shaver needs ____before it can be used.
    A. repairing B. to repair
    C. being repaired D. to be repairing
    13. I did not mean ____anything, but those apples looked so good I couldn’t
resist____one.
    A. to eat; trying B. to eat; to trying
    C. eating; to try D. eating; to trying
    14. I can’t understand ____ a decision until it is late.
    A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make
    C. him postpone making D. his postponing making
    15. Mrs. Douglas unknowingly left a package ____on the shop counter.
    A. laying B. to lie
    C. laid D. lying
    16. I dread____to pay another visit to the graveyard.
    A. having B. to had
    C. having had D. have
    17. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his
    demands to avoid____him.
    A. disappointing B. to disappoint
    C. disappoint D. to have disappointed
    18. John made it clear that he objected to ____the circuit on the
    original project.
    A. being converted B. convert
    C. converting D. have converted
    19. In such a large crowd the policemen had considerable difficulty
____
    the woman who had calledfor help.
    A. locating B. to locate
    C. having located D. locate
    20. I would appreciate ____it a secret.
    A. you to keep B. that you keep
    C. your keeping D. that you will keep