2015年MBA备考冲刺英语：英语语法概述(三)

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第三节 虚拟语气
    一、虚拟式用于非真实条件句时的构成
    If I had time, I would go to the movies with you.
    If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference, wouldn’t have been
so successful.
    If it were to rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.
    [提示]
    1. 在非真实条件句中,
有时从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作并不同时发生,这样的条件句中使用的虚似式称为混合虚拟式。其构成视具体情况而定。
    If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet
now.
    If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
    2. 引导非真实条件从句的连词if在正式文件中有时可以省去, were, had,
    should等非行为动词这时应提到从句句首。
    If I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.
    →Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.
    3. 有些句子从表层结构上看无if引导的非真实条件句,
但从深层意思上看是存在的。这种情况下主句动词仍需用虚拟式。这类句子中常出现without(如果没有), but for(要不是),otherwise(否则),
but that(若不, 后接一从句)等词或词组。
    But for your help, they couldn’t have succeeded.
    要不是你的帮助, 他们就不会取得成功。
    She wasn’t felling well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so
early.
    她感不舒服。不然她不会那么早就离开会场的。
   
                    

kytwo

  二、虚拟式也可用于其他情况
    1. 在it’s necessary (important, natural, essential, proposed, required,
    suggested, impossible, strange) that…引导的真正的主语从句中动词应用虚拟式,
    表示必要、应该、建议、要求、惊讶、不相信等意。
    It’s necessary that we (should) set out at once.
    It’s proposed that a committee (should) be set up to look into the
matter.
    It’s only natural that you should be nervous. 你感到紧张是很自然的。
    The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.
    It is highly important that we (should) combine revolutionary sweep
with
    practicalness. "对我们来说,把革命气概和实际精神结合起来是很重要的。"
    It is impossible that he should have missed the train. 他不可能误车。
    It’s strange that he should have failed in the exam.
    2. 在ask, require, order, demand, suggest, propose, command, insist?
    等动词后的宾语从句中, 动词也用虚拟式, 表示命令、建议、要求等。
    I suggest that we (should) go camping tomorrow.
    He insisted that our laboratory reports (should) be handed in the day
afterthe experiment was done. 他坚持要求我们在做完实验后第二天将实验报告交上来。
    He asked that they (should) be allowed to use a dictionary.他要求准许他们用词典。
    The director required that we should work all night主任要求我们通宵工作。
    The mayor ordered that free food be distributed.市长命令发放免费食品。
    The boss demanded that Mary (should) finish it within a
week.老板要求玛丽在一周内完成它。：
    I propose we should have another meeting. 我提议我们再开一次会议。
    I command that he go at once.我命令他立即就去
    注意,以上句中insist意为“坚持要求”。如insist作“坚持认为”解, 则不需用虚拟式。
    He insisted that he was right.
    他坚持认为他是对的。
    3. 虚拟式可用于wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与事实相反的愿望。
   
                    

kyone

    I wish I had been to the concert last night.
    I wish he would forgive me.
    4. It’s (high, about) time that…的句型要求用虚拟式, 表示应该做还没做的事。((时节)正盛的;(时机)成熟的)
    It’s high time that he stopped smoking.
    It is high time you made up your mind.你该拿主意了。
    It’s about time that we took our leave.
    5. 在I would (had) rather后的句子中, 动词也要求用虚拟式, 表示某人的愿望。
    I’d rather you left tommorrow instead of today.
    I’d rather he hadn’t done anything like that.
    6. 在as if (though) 引导的状语从句中, 谓语动词有时用虚拟式。
    She looks as if she knew all about it.
    They talked as though they had got acquainted with each other for
years.
    Exercises 3 Choose the best answer to complete the following senterces:
    1. If you ___________ that leat movie last night, you wouldn’t be dozy(困倦的)
now.
    A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch
    C. hadn’t watchedD. wouldn’t have watched
    2. Had I knon it, I ___________ you.
    A. have told B. had told
    C. wouldn’t be told D. would have told
    3. ___________ the storm, we should have reached our destination.
    A. For but B. But for
    C. In spite of D. In case of
    4. She insisted that what she had done ___________ right.
    A. was B. is
    C. beD. had been
    5. I wish you ___________ me yesterday.
    A. tell B. could tell
    C. would tellD. had told
    6. ___________ it left to me to decide, I would not hesitate to prefer the
latter.
    A. IfB. Were
    C. Had D. Should
    7. It is important that you ___________ to the dean before leaving for your
vacation.
    A. speak B. spoken
    C. have spoked D. speaks
    8. It’s about time people ___________ notice of what women did during the
war.
    A. took B. take
    C. have takenD. will take
    9. He talks as if he ___________ the incident.：
    A. had witnessed B. witnessed
    C. witness D. have witnessed
    10. The boss asked that the letter ___________ immediately.
    A. be typed B. typed
    C. have typedD. being typed
    11. Don’t you think it is time that you ___________ smoking?
    A. give up B. would give up
    C. gave up D. must give up
    　
                    

kysix

　12. Without computer, we ___________ the tremendous medical advancement
    in the last few decades.
    A. would not makeB. will not have made
    C. could not makeD. shouldn’t have made
    13. ___________ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment
by now.
    A. Had it not been B. Weren’t it
    C. It were not D. had not it been
    14. I’d have come with you ___________ I am so busy.
    A. except forB. provided that
    C. but that(若不…) D. so long as
    (but for…接名词，but that…接从句)
    The composition is quite good except for the spelling.这篇文章除了拼写以外,其他都不错。
    I will go, provided that you go too.你也去的话我就去。
    15. It is strange that such a thing ___________ in your company.
    A. will happen B. happens
    C. happenedD. should happen