考研英语复习资料：考研真题长难句解析(150)

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1、For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分为三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

第二、句子的结构：
1)主干结构是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell...
2) how able是表语前置，正常语序是：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able
3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up under more favorable circumstances

第三、词的处理：
hey 指示代词，测试
compensate for 弥补
gross social inequality 明显的社会不公
and thus 因此
ell 说明
underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件差的
under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下

参考译文：
例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
2、How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

句子分析：

第一、句子可以拆分为三段：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance / depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom / with which it is interpreted.

第二、句子主干结构是：
1)How well...引导的被动结构是主语从句，How well是主语从句中的状语前置，depends是句子谓语
2)depends后面两个介词短语作并列宾语upon...and on...
3) the information used是名词+过去分词作定语
4)with which it is interpreted定语从句，先行词是the skill and wisdom，代词it指代the information

第三、词的处理：
be validated by 为……所证实
depends upon 取决于
reliability 可靠性
appropriateness 适应性
interpreted 解释

参考译文：
这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

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