历年考研真题长难句解析荟萃(100)

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1. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
【译文】 我们感激他们，因为在此之后，由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言，因而这些语言中有一部分已经消失了。
【析句】 句子的主干为We are obliged to them。because引导一个原因状语从句，其中又包含一个由as引导的原因状语从句。在as从句里，主语是the people，后面跟着三个由不同的谓语动词组成的并列结构：died out，became assimilated和lost their native languages。
【讲词】 be obliged to意为“感激”。I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.（我很感谢你的热情好客。）此外，oblige可以表示“迫使,责成，帮助”。They obliged us by arriving early.（他们早早就来了，真是帮了我们大忙。）
vanish意为“消失，消亡”。It’s like she just vanished in thin air.（她好像凭空消失了似的。）
die out意为“灭绝，消亡”。That tradition died out a long time ago.（那个传统早就消亡了。）
assimilate意为“吸收，同化”。We assimilate some kinds of food more easily than others.（我们对某些种类的食物比别的食物容易吸收。）The U. S. A. has assimilated people from many European countries.（美国同化了许多来自欧洲国家的移民。）
     2. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.

【译文】 这些新近被描述的各种语言与经过充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言是如此显著地不同，以至于一些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔编造了资料。
【析句】 主句是The newly described… Asia，后面跟that从句so… that…是一种典型的结果状语从句。
对于不了解语言学的同学来说，理解the newly described languages可能比较困难。语言学中有一分支叫descriptive linguistics（描述语言学），这种学科只对语言进行描述性的研究。因此，the newly described languages就可以译成刚被描述的语言。
【讲词】 strikingly different意为“明显不同”，类似的说法还有markedly different或obviously different。well studied languages用英文解释是languages that have been studied well，即语言本身已经被研究得很深很透了。
fabricate意为“制作,构成,捏造,伪造,虚构”，例如：They fabricated evidence and threatened witnesses.（他们伪造证据并威胁目击者。）fabricate的名词形式是fabrication。She explained that it is a sheer fabrication that the EU has banned the exports of Chinas soy sauce.(她解释说，所谓欧盟已经禁止进口中国酱油的说法是一个弥天大谎。）