新东方考研语法讲堂173

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下面看看各个关系词的用法： 1．指人的关系代词：who, whom, whose, that 的用法： （1）作主语（who, that ） Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch. 那些参加比赛的人午饭后1：30在大门口集合。 在本句中，先行词是those；关系代词who引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词are going to play 的主语。 The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生。 在本句中，先行词是the man;关系代词who/that引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词is talking的主语。 这个复合句可以还原成两个句子： The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
    （2）作宾语包括作介词宾语（whom, that ）。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略； This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.这正是我要的做这份工作的人。 在本句中，先行词是the man；关系代词whom/that 引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词want 的宾语。 Is he the manager (whom/that) you are looking for? 他是你在找的那位经理吗？ （3）当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时，不能用that，也不能省略， 如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist. 我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。 Who is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago. 你刚才和他说话的那个男孩是谁？ I know the young couple from whose house the music is coming.
    但是当介词放在从句末尾时，作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that 并且可以省略。 如上头两句可改为： The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist. Who is the boy (that/whom) you were talking with a moment ago? 2．指物的关系代词which和that的用法： （１）作主语 This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer. 这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明手册。
    （２）作宾语包括作介词宾馆。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略： The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。 The film (which/that) I saw last night was about a soldier who fought in WWII. 我昨天晚上看的那部电影是关于一个在二战中打过仗的士兵的。 （本句有两个定语从句。） This is the bike for which I paid $ 100. 这就是我花了100美元买的那辆自行车。 The car(which/that)he went in was a black Cadillac. 他坐在里面走了的那辆汽车是一辆黑色的卡迪拉克。
    The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance. 我一直非常注意的公司账目，是保持平衡的。 3．whose 和of which 指代人或事物，作定语。of which 可用whose 代替； The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s. 那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的。
    例：His house of which the windows (the windows of which /whose windows) were all broken was a depressing sight. 他那所有窗户都坏了的房子真是目不忍睹。 That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 这就是那本封皮破了的书。