(三)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词,因为不及物动词不能带宾语,也就不可能有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态常用的有8个,以give为例说明如下:
时态动词形式
一般现在时Am/is/are given
一般过去时Was/were given
一般将来时Shall/will be given
现在进行时Am/is/are being given
过去进行时Was/were being given
过去将来时Should/would be given
现在完成时Has/have been given
过去完成时Had been given
被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号;否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等其他否定词、句末用句号。如:
“During the interview, were you asked questions in English?” “No, I wasn’t asked questions in English.” “面试的时候,用英语问你问题了吗?”“没有,没有用英语问我问题。”
The origin of the universe will probably never be explained. 宇宙的起源大概永远也不会被解释清楚。
Is the restaurant being decorated? 那家餐馆正在装修吗?
The restaurant is not being decorated. In the fact the restaurant has never been decorated。 那家餐馆没有在装修。实际上,那家餐馆从来没有装修过。