2003年研究生入学考试mba英语真题

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    下面是2003年研究生入学考试mba英语真题
        2003年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试
        英语试题
    　　Section II Cloze (10 points)
    Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
    21. Long long ago,most foresters have been men, but today, a number of
women this field is climbing.
    A. registering B. pursuing C. devoting D. engaging
    22. The bankno0tes which had fooled many bank tellers were discovered to
be
    A. artificial B. genuene C. counterfeit D. faulty
    23. Without a whole hearted to a keen forward-looking vision and a deep
insight, you cnnot be a leader.
    A. determination B. resolution C. commitment D. obligation
    24. All transactions are strictly , and we never sell, rent or trade any
customer’s name.
    A. considerable B. confident C. considerate D. confidential ..joxue.
    25. Big businesses enjoy certain that smaller ones do not have.
    A. transactions B. privileges C. subsidies D. substitutes
    26. Your kindness in giving to the consideration of the above problem vill
be highly appreciated.
    A. importance B. advantage C. priority D. authority
    27. The border incident led to the two countries their diplomatic
relations.
    A. breaking out B. breaking in C. breaking through D. breaking off
    28. I meant to sound confident at the interview but I’ m afraid I as
self-assertive.
    A. got in B. got over C. got off D. got out
    29. John planned to take part in the competition but had to on account of
the car accident.
    A. drop out B. hold out C. get out D. run out
    30. He doesn’t work but he gets a good from his investment.
    A. subsidy B. income C. earning D. salary
    31. can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the
science fiction.
    A. Anybody B.Nobody C. Somebody D. Everybody
    32. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew thay the
assertion about economic recovery just around the corner was untrue.
    A. was B. being C. would be D. to be
    33. Oceans continually lose by evaporating much of the river water into
them.
    A. to constantly flow B. be constantly flowing C. constantly flows D.
constantly flowing
    34. The result has turned still worse than it .
    A. would otherwise have been B. would be otherwise
    C. had otherwise been D. has otherwise benn
    35. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, they
can limit how much water you drink.
    A. much more than B. no more than C. no less than D. any more than
    36. He told us how he dealt with the self-interest of different countries
to bring them into a kind of international accord. everyone seemed to
benefit.
    A. where B. what C. that D. which
    37. We hope the measures to control prices taken by the government will
succeed.
    A. when B. as C. since D. after
    38. The costs of distribution and sales make up a large part of prices that
.
    A. all products are paid for B. are paid for all products
    C. all products paid D. for which all products paid
    39. So quickly are science and technology advancing is a possibility today
may be a reality tomorrow.
    A. that B. what C. that which D. that what
    40. It is still Richard’s ambition to study medicine , someday, to make a
real contribution to the field of science.
    A. and B. also C. but D. or ..joxue.
        Section III Reading comprehension (40 points)
        Part A
    Directions:
    Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage
by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
    Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:
    A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British
physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials,
to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for
his work.
    After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked
bluntly, “It’s a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical
application will come of this?”
    “I don’t know,” replied Faraday, “but I do know that 100 years from now
you’ll be taxing them.”
    From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived
from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and
effectiveness with which these steps art taken are closely related to the
history of management, the art of getting things done. Just as management
applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it
applied some 4,000 years ago to the working of the great Egyptian and
Mesopotamian import and export firms… to Hannibal’s remarkable feat of crossing
the Alps in 218 B.C. with 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 horsemen and a “conveyor
belt” of 40 elephants…or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking
concepts of individual freedom and equality.
    These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority,
divisions of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the
other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real
impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution.
Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic
inventions and new processes; among them John Kay’s flying Shuttle in 1733.
James Hargrove’s’ Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Compton’s Mule Spinner in 1779
and Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom in 1785.
    51. The anecdote about Michael Faraday indicates that
    A. politicians tax everything
    B. people are skeptical about the values of pure research
    C. government should support scientists
    D. he was rejected by his government
    52. Management is defined as
    A. the creator of the Industrial Revolution
    B. supervising subordinates
    C. the art of getting things done
    D. an emerging profession
    53. Management came into its own
    A. in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms
    B. in Hannibal’s famous trip across the Alps
    C. in the development of early Christian Church
    D. in the eighteenth century ..joxue.
    54. A problem of management NOT mentioned in this passage is
    A. the problem of command
    B. division of labor
    C. control by authority
    D. competition..joxue.
    Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:..joxue.
    By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual
to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of
attitude. It is in being thus susceptible(容易受影响的)to the environment that man
differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower
animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing
their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity(遗传;继承).
When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its
instincts. Thus the “ant-lion” whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand
by pushing backwards with abdomen(腹部)，goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon
as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it .
It knows no other mode of flight, “or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a
chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining
actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless
inactivity”. Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a
bastion(堡垒)of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home,
will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with
a pencil.
    Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be
made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts.
Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was
destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see
the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they
are called instincts and not habits at all )were left more and more to the
formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was
the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in
which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit
surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
    This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes
less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly
not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the
insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for
purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability
is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be
conceivably inherited just as much as can definite re responses to narrow
situations. Besides, since a mechanism---is now, for the first time, created by
which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the
environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And
finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their
environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent
even by the beaver (海狸),and preeminently(卓越地)by man. Environment and heredity
are in no case exclusive but5 always-supplementary factors...joxue.
    55. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?
    A. The Evolution of Insects
    B. Environment and Heredity
    C. Education: The Influence of the Environment
    D. The Instincts of Animals
    56. What can be inferred from the example of the ant-lion in the first
paragraph?
    A. Instincts of animals can lead to unreasonable reactions in strange
situations.
    B. When it is engaged in a chain actions it cannot be interrupted.
    C. Environment and heredity are two supplementary factors in the evolution
of insects.
    D. Along the lines of evolution heredity becomes less and environment more
important.
    57. Based on the example provided in the passage, we can tell that when a
spider is removed to a new position where half of a net has been made, it will
probably.
    A. begin a completely new net
    B. destroy the half-net
    C. spin the test of the net
    D. stay away from the net
    58. Which of the following is true about habits according to the
passage?
    A. They are natural endowments to living creatures
    B. They are more important than instincts to all animals
    C. They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.
    D. They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in
the evolution of human beings...joxue.
    Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:..joxue.
    One of the saddest things about the period in which we live is the growing
estrangement(疏远)between America and Europe. This may be a surprising discovery
to those who are over impressed by the speed with which turbojets can hop from
New York to Paris. But to anyone who is aware of what America once meant to
English libertarian poets and philosophers, to the young Ibises bitterly
excoriating(痛斥)European royalty for the murder of Lincoln, to Italian novelists
and poets translating the nineteenth century American classics as a
demonstration against Fascism, there is something particularly disquieting in
the way that the European Left, historically “pro-American” because it
identified America with expansive democracy, now punishes America with Europe’s
lack of hope in the future.
    Although America has obviously not fulfilled the visionary hope entertained
for it in the romantic heyday, Americans have, until recently, thought of
themselves as an idea, a “ proposition”(in Lincoln’s word) set up for the
enlightenment and the improvement of mankind. Officially, we live by our
original principles; we insist on this boastfully and even inhumanly. And it is
precisely this steadfastness to principle that irks(使苦恼，使厌烦) Europeans who under
so many pressures have had to shift and to change, to compromise and to
retreat.
    Historically, the obstinacy of America’s faith in “principles” has been
staggering -----the sacrament(神圣) of the Constitution, the legacy of the
Founding Fathers, the moral rightness of all our policies, the invincibility of
our faith in the equality and perfectibility of man. From the European point of
view, there is something impossibly romantic, visionary, and perfectibility of
man. From the European point of view, there is something impossibly romantic,
visionary, and finally outrageous about an attachment to political formulas that
arose even before a European revolutionary democracy was born of the French
Revolution, and that have survived all the socialist utopias and internationals.
Americans honestly insist on the equality of men even when they deny this
equality in practice; they hold fast to romantic doctrines of perfectibility
even when such doctrines contradict their actual or their formal faith----
whether it be as scientists or as orthodox Christians.
    It is fact that while Americans as a people are notoriously empirical.
Pragmatic, and unintellectual, they live their lives against a background of
unalterable national shibboleths(陈旧的语句). The same abundance of theory that
allowed Walt Whitman to fill out his poetry with philosophical road signs of
American optimism allows a president to make pious references to God as an
American tradition-----references which, despite their somewhat mechanical
quality, are not only sincere but which, to most Americans, express the reality
of America.
    59. The writer uses the example of Ibises and others to maintain that
    A. Europeans do not have the proper appreciation of the United States
    B. Europeans have made a notable shift in attitude toward the United
States
    C. American culture has been rediscovered by Europeans
    D. Europeans no longer feel that there should be an exchange of ideas with
Americans
    60. The writer states that, until recently, Americans thought of their
country as a
    A. source of enlightenment
    B. leader in technological progress
    C. recipient of European heritage
    D. peacemaker
    61. The author states that American democracy in practice sometimes is in
conflict with
    A. theoretical notions of equality
    B. other political systems
    C. Europe’s best interests
    D. Both A and B
    62. Which of the following was NOT mentioned by the author as an American
principle?
    A. Equality of man.
    B. Moral rightness as American policy decisions.
    C. Man’s capacity to become perfect.
    D. The inviolability(不可侵犯)of the individual’s integrity...joxue.
    Questions 63 to 65 are based on the following passage:
    The truly incompetent may never know the depths of their own incompetence,
a pair of social psychologists said on Thursday.
    “We found again and again that people who perform poorly relative to their
peers(同等人)tended to think that they did rather well.” Justin Kruger, co-author
of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview.
    Kruger and co-author David Dunning found that when it came to a variety of
skills—logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humor----people who essentially
were inept(无能的;愚蠢的)never realized it ,while those who had some ability were
self-critical.
    It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, but rather with a
central paradox: Incompetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their
performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they
stand, even if that is at the bottom,
    Americans and Western Europeans especially had an unrealistically sunny
assessment of their own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate
interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of
their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be
easily quantified, there is less self-delusion(欺骗),the researchers said. But
even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is
blithely(愉快地;快活地)unaware of the problem.
    This was especially true in the areas of logical reasoning, where research
subjects + students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based
+often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed(搞得一团糟) all questions in a
reasoning test.
    Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored
better on a test but rate themselves lower, having learned what constituted
competence in this area.
    Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpful in
determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different
challenges, the researchers said.
    Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were ,and compare
their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average,
participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage
points.
    This might be thought of as the “above-average effect” , the notion that
most Americans would rate themselves as above average, a statistical
impossibility.
    The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun
enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of
medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually
did about gun safety.
    So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence of the one who
shows confidence? Neither, according to Dunning.
    “you can’t take them at their word. You’ve got to take a look at their
performance,” Dunning added.
    63. Why do incompetent people rarely know they are inept?
    A. They are too inept to know what competence is
    B. They are not skillful at logical reasoning, grammar, and sense of
humor.
    C. They lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance
realistically.
    D. They have some ability to over criticize themselves.
    64. Which of the following statement is NOT true, according to the
passage?
    A. Students at Cornell University often rated themselves highly even when
they flubbed all questions in a reasoning test.
    B. Grammar was an area in which objective knowledge was helpful in
determining competence.
    C. Participants in the test estimated their sense of humor by about 16
percentage points.
    D. Students scored better on a logical reasoning test but rated themselves
lower.
    65. What do you know about “above-average effect” based on the passage?
    A. Most Americans assess themselves as above average.
    B. American doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of
medical diagnoses.
    C. American gun enthusiasts thought they knew more than they actually did
about gun safety.
    D. All of the above.
        Part B
    Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then give short
answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET2.
    Both in America and Britain there is an eagerness on the part of TV
executives to play down the importance of the small screen, except .of course,
if the field of selling goods.
    This desire to minimize the social impact of TV is perfectly natural. If it
could be conclusively proved that the electronic box was a major factor in
determining the attitudes and the values of a nation then two awkward questions
would have to be answered.
    Is it right that a medium that has such influence should be primarily
concerned with the provision of entertainment and the advertising of goods?
    And an even more embarrassing question people might ask is whether the men
now running TV have the authority. The understanding or the intelligence to be
in control of such a vital part of the state apparatus.
    Because it is disrupting and disturbing life on almost every level in
America and Britain, and because it is largely Indulged in by what might be
described as the first “telly generation”, violence is the activity that has
been most frequently linked with the consequences of TV.
    There are other even more important trends that might be stimulated or
provoked by the program content of TV.
    The demoralization of institutions like the army, the church; the contempt
for authority, a healthy skepticism and a welcome permissiveness; an
over-simplification of complex issues which makes an electorate(选民) impatient
with a political process that cannot solve them. How much is TV responsible? And
that these trends are helping to change society at a unprecedented rate can
hardly be denied.
    Because the impact of these changes is relatively long-term and not easily
pinpointed. there is a vast depth of unconcern about these developments.
    On violence, however, there is an intuitive suspicion that TV might have
something to do with it. yet the men running TV have gone to considerable
lengths to assure us that we are unduly alarmed about nothing...joxue.
    66. In order to avoid the repetitions of the word “television”, what other
nouns does the author use? Please list at least four.
    67. Can you use another word in this passage to tale the place of “play
down ”in para.1?
    68. Why are TV executives in America and Britain eager to play down the
importance of TV?
    69. Why do people believe that TV has something to do with increasing
violence?
    70. What is the author’s attitude toward the argument over TV’s
influence?..joxue.
        Section IV Translation (10points)
        Directions:
    In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences
underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
    Lange, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs
seize headlines. (71) But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize,
the economy’s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants,
neighborhood services and are factories. Small businesses, defined as those with
fewer than 100workers,now employ 60 percent of the workforce and expected to
generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2,000. Some 1.2 million
small forms have opened their doors over the past 6 years of economic growth,
and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their
own.
    Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists
will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the
competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally .the capital that
success requires. (72) Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a
restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support
themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that
entrepreneurs must also. at least for a while, be bookkeepers and receptionists,
too. According to Samll Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses
starting out today are likely to disappear in two years, and 27 more will have
shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100
start-ups, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. (73) Most
credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already
were comfortable in Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service
in their last jobs.
    Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But
many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’s health in its infancy may be little
indication of how well it will age .you must tenderly monitor its pulse, in
their zeal, to expand. Small business owners often ignore early warning signs of
a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. (74) They hopefully four more
and more into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit
margins that means the market for their ingenious service or product has
evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices.
Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the
illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.
    Frequent checks of your firm’s vital signs will also guide you to a
sensible rate of growth. (75) To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals
that it is time to conquer the new markets, add products or perhaps franchise
your hot ideas...joxue.
        Section V Writing (20 points)
    Directions:
    In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the
information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET
2.
    Outline:
    1. 有人认为财富比健康重要。
    2. 有人认为健康比财富重要。
    3. 你的看法。
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