考研英语：美国时代周刊常用英语词汇商业类

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商业·Business
    63.account ：财务帐;帐户
    A record of financial transactions kept in a ledger.
    在分类帐中保存的财务来往记录。
    A bank account
    银行帐户
    A customer or client
    顾客或客户
    Let’s check the account again.
    我们再查一遍帐。
    How much is left in our bank account.
    银行帐上还剩多少。
    This firm is our best account.
    这家商行是我们最好的客户。
    64.accounting ：会计
    A system and process of gathering and recording financial information that provides a continuous balance between assets and liabilities.
    收集和记录财务住处的制度和过程，并据此不断提供资产和负债之间的余额。
    You need to discuss that matter with the accounting department.
    你应当和财务部讨论这个问题。
    65.accumulation ：资本增益
    An addition to capital investments or stock from profits.
    资本投资的收益或股分增值。
    What kink of accumulation are you getting on the ABC stock?
    你有ABC公司的股份有什么资本增益?
    66.affluence ：富裕
    The condition of substantial wealth and economic power.
    拥有雄厚财富和经济实力的状况。
    Luxury cars are targeted towards the affluent segment of a population.
    豪华轿车是以人口中的富裕阶层为销售对象的。
    67.affiliate ：成员，分公司
    A business that contracts to work with another business.
    签订合同与另一公司合作的公司。
    The ABC office supply company is one of our many affiliates.
    ABC办公用品公司是我们众多分公司的其中之一。
    68.agenda ：日程表
    A list of things to be done.
    要处理的事务清单
    Could you please fax me a copy of tomorrow’s agenda?
    能否将明天的日程表给我发个传真?
    69.agribusiness ：农业综合企业
    The production and marketing of corps by large corporations as opposed to individual farms.
    由大集团公司进行的农产品的生产和销售，与个体农场主经营方式相反。
    John was forced into bankruptcy when he lost millions of dollars he had invested in a poor agribusiness venture.
    约翰在农业综合企业中投资不当，损失了数百万美元，被迫破产。
    70.air-pocket stock ：气穴股票
    Stock that falls sharply on bad news.
    一有坏消息便急剧下跌的股票。
    Company stock sometimes turns into air-pocket stock upon the news of the company’s CEO’s serious illness or death.
    一旦公司总裁病重或去世的消息传出，其股票有时会变成气穴股票。
    71.annual report ：年度报告
    A financial report produced by the management of a corporation for shareholders the end of fiscal year.
    在每个财政年末，由公司的资方向股东提供的财务报告。
    72.asset ：资产
    A possession that can be turned into cash to cover liabilities
    能被转化为现金以抵消债务的财物
    We were forced to liquidate some of our assets to pay our debts.
    我们被迫变卖一些资产以偿还债务。
    73.automation ：自动化
    The replacement of human laborers with computers and self-regulating machines
    用计算机和自动化控制的机器来代替人力。
    Automation in factories will continue to eliminate more and more jobs into the 21st century.
    到21世纪，工厂的自动化将继续削减更多的就业机会。
    74.balanced budget ：平衡预算
    Spending that is equal to revenue, esp. in government.
    一个机构的开支和收入相等，特别指在政府方面
    75.bankruptcy ：破产
    The inability to pay one’s debts; legal insolvency
    无力偿还债务，法律上的资不抵债。
    Many private companies are forced to declare bankruptcy when they begin to lose business to their competitors.
    许多私营企业在经营上输给其竞争对手时，不得不宣布破产。
    76.big business ：大公司
    A term used to describe large corporations, as opposed to small individually or family-owned business.
    大规模的股份有限责任公司，与私有或家庭经营的小型企业相反。
    Darren wants to get into big business some day.
    77.Black Monday ：黑色星期一
    October 19, 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell a record 508 points in trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
    1987年10月19日，纽约股票交易所道·琼斯工业股票平均指数狂跌创纪录的508点。
    78.blue chip stock ：热门股票，绩优股，蓝筹股
    A term used to describe high-quality stocks of financially sound corporations
    指财务上可靠的公司发行的高质量股票。
    Mr. Jeppson has a portfolio of nothing but blue chip stocks.
    杰普逊先生持有的有价证券里全部都是热门股票。
    79.bond ：债券
    A security issued by a corporation or public body and carrying a fixed rate of interest
    由公司或政府机构发行的固有利率的有价债券。
    What’s the interest rate on these bonds?
    这些债券的利率是多少?
    80.boom ：繁荣
    A period of great economic activity and business expansion
    (企业等)经济非常活跃，经营扩张的时期。
    The soft drink business always booms in the summertime.
    饮料业在夏天总是兴旺繁荣。

kyfour

    81.boondoggle ：无效的投资
    A wasteful business venture
    不见回报的经营投机
    Our investment in water softeners was a boondoggle.
    我们在水软化器上的投资打了水漂。
    82.bottom line ：最终结果
    The final result or ultimate objective
    最终的结果或目标
    What’s the bottom line of your proposal?
    你的建议要达到的最终目标是什么?
    83.boycott ：抵制
    The refusal to purchase the products of an individual, corporation, or nation as a way to bring social and political pressure for change.
    拒绝购买某一个人、公司或国家的产品，作为施加社会、政治压力，促进其改变政策的一种手段。
    Americans boycotted tuna several years ago until tuna companies guaranteed that they weren’t catching dolphins in their tuna nets.
    几年前美国人抵制金枪鱼，直至金枪鱼公司保证在捕捞金枪鱼时放掉海豚。
    84.budget ：预算
    A plan of expenditures based on anticipated revenues.
    根据估算的收入而制订的开支计划。
    How much do we have left in our budget?
    我们的预算还剩多少?
    85.business cycle ：景气周期
    Periodic rise and fall in economic activity
    经济活动中周期性的涨落。
    U.S. retailers see the same basic business cycle every year and typically do most of their business during the Christmas season.
    美国零售商们每年都经历相同的景气周期。通常情况下，他们大部分生产都是在圣诞节期间做的。
    86.bust ：崩溃
    An informal term referring to a financial or economic collapse
    非正式用语，指金融或经济上破产。
    The economy is currently in a bust.
    目前经济处于崩溃之中。
    87.buying power ：购买力
    Purchasing power
    购买商品的能力。
    The buying power of the dollar has steadily declined during the last twenty-five years.
    在过去的25年里，美元的购买力持续下降。
    88.capital ：资本
    Money, assets, or property used as a means of production or for investment
    可以用作生产或投资手段的金钱、资产或财物。
    Some futurists claim that human capital is a company’s greatest asset.
    一些未来学家声称公司的人力资本是其最大的资产。
    89.capitalism ：资本主义
    An economic system based on private ownership and profit incentive
    建立在私有制和利润刺激基础上的一种经济制度。
    People in some countries don’t really understand the system of capitalism.
    一些国家的人们并不真正理解资本主义制度。
    90.cash cow ：摇钱树
    An informal term for a business with a dependable source of income
    非正式用语。指收入来源可靠的生意。
    This product has always been a cash cow for our company.
    这种产品一直是我们公司的摇钱树。
    91.cash flow ：现金流通
    Fluctuations in a company’s cash position
    公司现金形势的波动情况。
    Our company is currently having a cash flow problem.
    92.CEO ：总裁，总经理
    An acronym for “chief executive officer”. The highest executive officer of a company.
    “chief executive officer”的缩略词。指公司的最高行政长官。
    Advertisers are using CEO’s more frequently in their company’s commercials because studies show that people trust and admire leaders.
    广告商们在广告片中越来越多地利用总裁的形象，因为研究表明，人们相信、崇拜领导者。
    93.Chapter 11 ：破产条款
    A bankruptcy code section that applies to a corporation going out of business which may require restructuring.
    破产法的部分章节，适用于需要重组的倒闭公司。
    Rumors are spreading that one of the big movie companies is filing a chapter 11.
    有谣言说一家大的电影公司正申请破产。
    94.commercialism ：重商主义，商业行为
    The practice and spirit of business in which the making of profits is emphasized.
    商业做法和精神，强调利润的追求。
    Many American dislike the commercialism that is associated with Christmas.
    95.competition ：竞争
    The rivalry between similar businesses for customers or clients.
    经营产品相近的厂商间争夺顾客或客户的斗争。
    Competition in business is good because it generally results in better quality and lower prices for consumers.
    商业竞争中是好事，它可以为消费者带来更好的质量和更低的价格。
    96.conglomerate ：集团公司，联合大企业
    A corporation made up several companies that produce large quantities of output in a variety of industries.
    诸多产业中，由几家公司组成的股份公司，大量生产各种产品。
    Proctor & Gamble is a large personal product conglomerate.
    宝洁公司是一家生产个人卫生用品的大集团公司。
    97.consumerism ：(1)消费;(2)消费者权益运动
    The consumption of goods and service.
    商品和服务的耗费
    Inflation always hurts consumerism.
    通货膨胀总是打击消费。
    The protection of consumers form poor products or misleading claims.
    保护消费者免受劣质产品和误导性广告的侵害。
    The U.S. Food and Drug administration tries to regulate consumerism.
    美国食品和医药管理局想规范消费者权益运动。
    98.consumer price index ：消费品价格指数
    A measure of the fluctuation in prices of common consumer goods and services over a fixed time period.
    在一定时期内衡量常用消费品和服务价格波动情况的一种尺度。
    The consumer price index is a good reference tool to use in order to learn how much the price of a specific item has changed over the last several years.
    想了解某一特定商品在过去几年内的价格变化情况，消费品价格指数是一个很好的工具。
    99.corporate ladder ：公司的官阶
    A series of steps in the organizational hierarchy of a company.
    公司组织等级制度中的一系列晋升阶梯。
    Climbing the corporate ladder is not as popular as it used to be.
    走公司的晋升之道不象以前那样有吸引力了。
    100.corporate raider ：强行收购
    A person, company, etc. that attempts to take over another company, exp. by buying up the stock of the target company.
    个人或公司通常以全部买下其看准的公司的股份而吞并该公司。

kytwo

    101.cost cutting ：削减成本
    A reactive measure taken by companies esp. in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending.
    公司采取的应付措施，特别是在困难时期，通过减少浪费和不必要的开支来节省资金。
    Companies in the 90s have been implementing a lot of cost cutting in order to become more efficient and competitive.
    为了提高效率和竞争力，许多公司在90年代一直在实施削减成本的各种措施。
    102.cost of living ：生活费用
    The average cost for the basic necessities of life
    支付基本生活必需品的平均花费。
    Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks.
    很多雇员希望其工资的生活费用部分每年都有增长。
    103.creeping inflation ：轻度通货膨胀
    The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices.
    物价不断上涨，但因涨幅很小而不为人注意。
    Creeping inflation continues to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s.
    90年代轻度通货膨胀一直波及经济生活
    104.decline ：萎缩，下降
    A period of reduced business activity.
    经营活动下降的时期。
    College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate.
    大学生们对其毕业后就业机会的减少感到忧心忡忡。
    105.deficit ：赤字
    A budget imbalance in which expenditures exceed income.
    支出超过收入的预算失衡
    Our company ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit.
    我们公司在开始赢利前的头三年中都是亏损经营。
    106.deflation ：通货紧缩
    A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices.
    货币供应的减少，导致物价的急剧下降。
    Consumers are always motivated by deflation.
    通货紧缩往往能刺激消费者的购买欲。
    107.demand ：需求
    The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services.
    消费者购买商品和服务的能力。
    Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their client’s products.
    营销商和广告商总是在寻找新的途径以创造其客户对产品的需求。
    108.depression ：萧条
    A severe, extended period of decline in business activity.
    商业活动严重减少并且长时间没有好转。
    Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s.
    许多上了年纪的美国人对三十年代的大萧条仍记忆犹新。
    109.deregulation ：撤消管制
    A gradual removal of government control over business.
    政府逐步撤消对经营活动的控制。
    Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control.
    大多数公司和产业赞成政府撤消管制。
    110.distribution ：商品流通
    The marketing of merchandising.
    商品的营销。
    If a product doesn’t have good distribution, it won’t sell.
    商品流通如果不畅就卖不出去。
    111.diversification ：经营多样化
    The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered.
    通过增加产品品种和服务项目来扩展经营业务。
    Many fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their competitors.
    许多快餐企业正实行经营多样化，力图从其竞争对手手中夺取更多的顾客。
    112.dumping ：倾销
    The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset competition.
    以低于成本的价格向其他国家销售产品以减少过剩产品，引发竞争。
    The U.S. has accused Japan of dumping mini-vans here in American.
    美国控告日本在美国倾销小型货车。
    113.economics ：经济学
    The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption.
    形容财富及其创造、分配和消费的科学。
    Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard.
    苏珊在哈佛攻读经济学专业。
    114.economy ：经济
    The organization of social and political institutions and business for production.
    社会及政治机构的组织以及以生产经营为目的的企业组织。
    National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy.
    国家领导人必须一直为经济状况操心。
    115.Fortune 500 ：《财富》500家公司
    A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine.
    由《财富》杂志每年公布的全美国最大的500家公司。
    Who are the top 10 companies on the Fortune 500 list?
    在《财富》500家公司中，前10名是哪些?
    116.franchise ：经销权，连锁店
    A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another company.
    地区分销商得到其他公司的合同或许可证，有权使用其名称并销售其产品。
    Clancy is opening a new McDonald’s franchise in London.
    克兰西在伦敦开了一家麦当劳连锁店。
    117.freeze ：冻结
    The fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc.
    停止一些经济因素的变动，如价格、就业、开支等。
    The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps.
    政府冻结了汽油泵的价格。
    118.full employment　：充分就业
    An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent.
    失业率处于可接受的最小值，常常是6%以下的经济形势。
    The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve.
    充分就业是大多数国家很少取得的经济局面。
    119.glamour stock　：热门股票
    A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price.
    新兴且发展迅速的产业所发行的股票，有迅速升值的趋势。
    John specializes in buying glamour stock, particular in media, and entertainment companies.
    约翰专门购买由传媒、娱乐公司发行的热门股票。
    120.glas ceiling ：性别障碍，玻璃天花板
    A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of senior-level management.
    指阻止女性进入高级管理阶层的一种无形障碍。
    Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them form upper management in large corporation.
    90年代，许多妇女抗议阻止她们进入大公司高级管理阶层的性别障碍。

kyfive

    121.global economy ：全球经济
    Worldwide trade, travel, competition, etc.
    世界范围内的贸易、旅游、竞争等。
    Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay competitive in the new global economy.
    为在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，90年代的公司都从全球的角度考虑问题。
    122.GNP ：国民生产总值
    An abbr. For “gross national product.” The total annual monetary value of all goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy.
    “gross national product” 的缩写词，指在国民经济市场上销售的所有商品、服务和产品的年度货币总值。
    What was Japan’s GNP in 1987?
    1987年日本的国民生产总值是多少?
    123.golden parachute ：高额离职补贴
    A substantial compensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover.
    在发生合并或兼并的情况下，公司高层行政领导离开其职位时所获得的丰厚补偿，作为高额离职补助金。
    CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their companies are seized in a hostile takeover.
    公司被他方恶意接管时，通常情况下总裁们都会得到高额的离职补贴。
    124.gray market ：灰色市场
    A market in which scare goods such as computer chips are traded at above-market prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical.
    以高于正常市场价格来销售稀缺商品如电脑芯片的市场。这种交易通常以非正常渠道进行，手段虽不犯法但也不被认为是合乎道德的。
    Our company is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market.
    由于类似产品在灰色市场上销售，我们公司损失很大。
    125.greenmail ：绿票欺诈
    The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a company’s stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the company to try to thwart the attempt by buying back its stock at a much higher price.
    秘密购买一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能进行接管，最终迫使该公司为挫败对方的企图，不得不以高出很多的价格买回股份。
    The ABC company found themselves a victim of greenmail when they realized they had bought back their stock at a much higher price.
    当ABC公司以高得多的价格买回自己的股份时，发现本公司成了绿票欺诈的受害者。
    126.hardball ：商场上的杀手锏，动真格
    Slang for highly competitive or ruthless business practices.
    俚语，指生意上极具竞争力或冷酷无情的做法。
    Our competitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball.
    我们的竞争对手所用的战术表明他们要动真格了。
    127.hostile takeover ：敌意接管
    The act of taking control of a company by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling interest.
    通过购买足够股份从而获得控股权的办法来接管一家公司。
    Last year the small airline company was bought up in a hostile takeover.
    去年这家小航空公司在一次敌意接管中被收购。
    128.hyperinflation ：高通胀
    Rapid inflation and major shortages caused by panic buying.
    迅猛的通货膨胀和抢购造成严重的商品短缺。
    The fear of sudden natural disaster caused hyperinflation to occur in certain food markets because of panic buying by the public.
    由于担心自然灾害会突然降临，公众疯狂抢购，导致了一些食品市场的高通胀。
    129.inflation ：通货膨胀
    A sustained rise in the price of goods and services.
    商品和服务的价格持续上涨。
    Has the rate of inflation dropped in the last six months?
    在过去的6个月里通货膨胀率下降了吗?
    130.junk bond ：风险债券，垃圾债券
    A slang term for a high-risk bond that offers a high return but is considered to have a dubious backing.
    俚语。指高风险高回报的债券，但被认为有可疑的背景支持。
    Michael Milken will always be synonymous with the term ”junk bond king.”
    迈克尔·米尔肯总是“风险债券之王”的同义词。
    131.labor-intensive ：劳动密集型的
    (adj.)A term used to describe production that uses more labor than capital.
    运用人力多于资本的生产。
    The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive.
    零件是用密集劳动生产出来的，这样价格就很贵。
    132.leveraged buyout(LBO) ：举债收购
    A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a company’s assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral.
    投资者以收购对象的资产作担保，借钱来收购该公司的足够资产以获得控股权的过程。
    Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company.
    有时候小公司可以用举债收购的手段来接管另一家公司。
    133.macroeconomics ：宏观经济学
    An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp. factors on a national level.
    经济学的分支，研究经济的宏观方面，尤其是国家层次上的因素。
    Mr. Samuels is an expert in macroeconomics.
    塞谬尔斯先生是位宏观经济学专家。
    134.market share ：市场份额
    A percentage of total sales within a specific market by one company.
    一公司产品的销售总额在某一特定商品市场上所占的百分比。
    The kelloggs company has over 50 percent of the market share for breakfast cereals
    克洛格公司在早餐粥市场上占有超过50%以上的份额。
    135.mass production ：大规模生产
    The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.
    利用标准零件和生产线大批量生产商品
    Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.
    大规模生产使得很多人能以更为便宜的价格享用某种产品。
    136.microeconomics ：微观经济学
    The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.
    经济学的分支，研究生产和消费的单个单位。
    Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.
    在未来微观经济会导致产品的专业化和客户化以方便顾客。
    137.mogul ：商业巨头
    Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry.
    非正式用语。商业或产业界的富有且势力大的人物。
    We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.
    我们收看了一段电视访谈，采访对象是一位拥有一亿多美元资产的娱乐业巨头。
    138.mommy track ：母亲路线
    A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.
    女性的职业模式。指女性不愿晋升过快，以便有更多时间和家人相处。
    Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.
    90年代，数以百万计的妇女宁愿走母亲路线也不愿攀登公司的官阶。
    139.monopoly ：垄断
    A domination of the market by a single company.
    由单一公司统治市场的局面。
    The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.
    打破垄断可以产生竞争，这会给公众带来更好的质量和更低的价格。
    140.oligopoly ：寡头垄断
    A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.
    少数商家占有市场，因此他们可以操纵价格和其他因素。
    The U.S. auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.
    美国汽车工业是寡头垄断的行业，因为只有3家主安生产商。

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    141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防卫
    An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.
    被定为兼并对象的公司通过出价收购敌对公司，从而阻止其恶意收购。
    The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.
    在竞争残酷无情的80年代，对于那些希望躲过恶意兼并的公司来说，帕克曼防卫之类的战略手段太重要了。
    142.Paper profit ：纸上盈利
    An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold.
    对拥有的某种商品进行估价而计算出来的利润，因为商品没有出手，利润尚未实现。
    Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation.
    因为评估了公司的所有的资产，去年杰克的生意才有纸上盈利。
    143.paradigm shift ：改组
    A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.
    公司总裁通知公司上下将有重大变化时所用的词。
    The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.
    一家大型软件生产商的总裁今天宣布要对其管理人员进行改组。
    144.Peter Principle ：彼得原则
    A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.
    一种认为在等级森严的公司里，每个职员都想升到其无法胜任的位置的说法。
    The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force.
    在美国的劳动力大军里，常可听到”彼得原则”这个术语。
    145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸
    Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer.
    公司为挫败敌意兼并所采取的各式各样的方法，如发行新股票，为雇员制定慷慨的福利计划。这会使潜在的兼并者感到代价昂贵而放弃兼并。
    146.power lunch ：事务餐
    A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.
    在工作午餐上，忙于紧张的交易和谈判而顾不上吃饭。
    We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.
    今天下午我们在事务餐上讨论了公司合并的可能性。
    147.productivity ：生产力
    A measure of ability to produce output from given input
    一定投入得到产出的能力的衡量尺度。
    Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last.
    XYZ公司本月的生产比上月略有提高。
    148.quality control ：质量管理
    Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.
    采用技术以消除次品，或提高经营水平。
    No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.
    任何一家公司要想在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，就不得不重视质量管理。
    149.raw goods ：原材料商品
    Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.
    源于自然，收购来用于生产的原始材料。
    Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and less valuable.
    知识和信息正成为公司最有价值的资产，而原材料商品的价值越来越低。
    150.recession ：衰退
    A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.
    国民经济在至少6个月的时间里没有任何增长。
    A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.
    衰退的特点是需求下降，失业增加，国民生产总值减少。
    151.recovery ：复苏
    An increase in business activity following a recession or depression.
    在经历衰退或萧条之后出现的经营活动的增加。
    Economists often disagree on whether the U.S. is in a recovery or not.
    经济学家们对美国经济是否已经复苏看法不一。
    152.sanction ：制载
    Coercive economic restrictions placed on one nation by another.
    一国施加给另一国的强制性经济限制。
    The two superpowers are currently negotiating trade sanctions.
    两个超级大国目前正就贸易制载进行谈判。
    153.service economy ：服务经济
    An economy that emphasizes services over industrial production.
    强调服务甚于工业生产的经济。
    You can enjoy almost anything you want in today’s service economy.
    在今天的服务经济中，你可以享受到几乎任何形式的服务。
    154.slump ：疲软
    A decline in business activity.
    经济活动的减少。
    The car industry has been in a slump since the beginning of the year.
    汽车工业从年初起就一直疲软。
    155.smokestack industry ：浓烟工业
    A term that refers to heavy manufacturing, such as steel or automobile manufacturing.
    指重工业，如钢铁和汽车制造业。
    Information and entertainment is replacing the smokestack industry as the new major methods of creating wealth in the economy.
    信息和娱乐业正代替浓烟工业，在经济中充当创造财富的新型手段。
    156.socioeconomic ：社会经济的
    A term used to describe the connection of social and economic factors.
    用以描述社会和经济因素的联系。
    The study of socioeconomic factors is important in order to understand various groups within society.
    要了解社会的各个群体，必须研究社会经济的种种因素。
    157.stagflation ：滞胀
    A term that combines inflation and stagnation. A condition when inflation and high unemployment occurring together.
    “通胀”和”停滞”结合而成的术语，指通货膨胀与高失业率并存的局面。
    Stagflation is a very unpopular buzz word in the business world.
    滞胀是商界不受欢迎的时髦词语。
    158.stock exchange ：股票交易所
    A market where securities are traded, such as the New York Stock Exchange.
    进行证券交易的市场，如纽约股票交易所。
    My friends works at the New York Stock Exchange.
    我的朋友在纽约股票交易所工作。
    159.stock market ：(1)股市;(2)股市行情
    A market in which stocks are bought and sold.
    股票买卖的地方。
    The general condition of the sale of securities in a corporation.
    一家公司的证券销售情况。
    The Wall Street Journal gives a daily report of the stock market.
    《华尔街日报》每天报告股市行情。
    160.supply and demand ：供需
    A basic economic law stating that as the price of a good increase, suppliers will be willing to produce more but consumers will demand less, so that price and quantity are both interrelated.
    一条经济基本法则，即商品价格上涨时，生产商愿意扩大生产，但消费者的需求下降，这样价格和数量相互制约。
    All products must follow the laws of supply and demand.
    所有的产品都必须遵守供求法则。
    161.surplus ：过剩
    A situation in which the supply of goods exceeds the demand, esp. at a given price.
    特别是以一定价格销售的商品的供应超过需求的状况。
    Smart consumers try to purchase items that are in surplus in order to get more for the same money.
    精明的消费者在商品过剩时购买，以便用同样的钱购买更多的商品。
    162.tax shelter ： 减免所得税
    An investment in certain business, activities, etc. that legally entitles the investor to avoid, reduce, or defer income taxes.
    在某些行业、活动等方面的投资，投资者合法地享受减、免或缓交所得税。
    Some business use tax shelters in an effort to reduce or defer their income tax.
    一些公司采取合法减免所得税的手段来减少或迟交所得税。
    163.tech angst ： 技术顾虑
    (A combination of “technological” and “anxiety”.) The fear of automation among consumers.
    “technological”(技术的)和 “anxiety”(担心)的合成词。顾客对自动化产生的担心。
    The tech angst of many people makes them reluctant to put their trust in automated teller machines.
    许多人有技术顾虑，因而不愿使用自动提款机。
    164.technological monopoly ： 技术垄断
    A condition in which a company has exclusive rights to a patented product or process.
    一公司对专利产品或制作方法享有专属权的状况。
    AT & T has a technological monopoly over a number of products and processes in the communications world.
    在通讯领域中，美国电话电报公司在一些产品和方法 享有技术垄断。
    165.trade barriers ： 贸易壁垒
    Tariffs, quotas, and other regulations used by one country to discourage the importation of certain goods.
    一个国家为阻碍某些产品的进口所采用的关税、配额和其他规定。
    The U.S. is poised to eliminate trade barriers with Mexico and other neighboring countries.
    美国准备减少同墨西哥及其他邻近国家的贸易壁垒。
    166.trade deficit ： 贸易赤字
    An imbalance in which a nation’s imports exceed its exports.
    一国进口超过其出口的不平衡状况。
    No nation wants to run a continuous trade deficit with other countries.
    没有一个国家愿意自己同他国的贸易处于持续的赤字状态。
    167.trade imbalance ： 贸易不平衡
    A condition in which a nation’s exports and imports and imports are not equal.
    一国的出口和进口不持平的状况。
    The subject of trade imbalance is an ongoing debate between the U.S. and Japan.
    贸易不平衡是美日两国间长期争论的话题。
    168.trickle-down economics ： 滴入式经济学
    A theory that government financial incentives to big business will eventually benefit smaller businesses and general public.
    一种经济理论，认为政府对大企业的财政补贴最终使小企业和大众受益。
    President Bill Clinton dose not believe that trickle-down economics works for the benefit of the nation.
    克林顿总统不相信滴入式经济学有益于国家。
    169.trust ： 托拉斯
    Several companies acting together to control production, pricing, and distribution of a product.
    几家公司联合行动以控制一种新产品的生产、定价和销售。
    The government has anti=trust laws that regulate against companies forming trusts in order to control product prices and distribution.
    政府有反托拉斯法，反对公司组成意在控制产品价格和销售的托拉斯。
    170.upward mobility ： 往上晋升
    The movement of an individual to ever higher levels of responsibility in a company.
    一个人在公司里上升到承担相应责任的较高职位。
    It was no surprise to the other workers that the boss’s nephew enjoined such a great degree of upward mobility.
    老板的侄子往上晋升如此之快，其他工人并不感意外。
    171.white knight ： 公司的救星
    A business that prevents a hostile takeover of another company by offering better terms.
    一公司通过提出更优厚的条件来阻止另一公司被他人敌意兼并。
    One of our affiliates acted as a white knight on our behalf and saved us from being the victims of a hostile takeover.
    我们的一家分公司充当了我们公司的救星，使我们免遭敌意兼并。
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