考研英语：美国时代周刊常用英语词汇计算机类

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计算机·Computer
    172.abort ：异常中止
    To cancel or end a program or procedure while it is in progress.
    取消或终止正在运行的程序或过程
    We decided to abort the program.
    我们决定中止这项程序。
    173.access ：访问，存取
    The locating and/or obtaining of desired data.
    查找和/或获取所需数据
    Only authorized personnel can access these computer files.
    只有经过授权的人才可以访问这些计算机文件。
    174.artificial intelligence (AI) ：人工智能
    The branch of computer science that deals with using computers to simulate human thinking and to perform functions normally associated with human intelligence.
    计算机科学的一个分支，研究如何使用电脑模仿人的思维，并执行一些通常与人类智能有关的功能。
    Artificial intelligence has been the focus of much hype since the early 1980s and is widely expected to be achieved in the 21st century.
    自从80年代初以来，人工智能一直被大量宣传。人们普遍认为在21世纪人工智能将获得成功。
    175.backup copy ：备份
    A copy of a current file made in order to protect against loss or damage.
    为防止当前文件的丢失或损坏而另存储的一份。
    Did you make a backup copy of that file?
    那份文件你有备份吧?
    176.batch ：批(处理)
    A group of records or transactions that can be processed together.
    可以一块处理的一组记录或事务。
    I've gotta finish this batch by tomorrow.
    明天之前我必须做完这批处理。
    177.boot (up) ：启动
    To start up a computer, making it ready to operate.
    打开电脑使之可以运行。
    Just a minute, I'm waiting for my computer to boot up.
    等会儿，我正等我的电脑启动起来。
    178.bug ：错误，故障
    A mistake or malfunction that can occur in a computer program.
    电脑程序可能出现的错误或故障。
    For some reason, we've been experiencing some bugs in this particular program.
    不知什么原因，这个特定程序总有错误。
    179.canned software ：软件包
    Programs prepared by computer manufacturers that are in ready to use form and can used by many business and individuals.
    由电脑生产商准备好的可供公司或个人即买即用的程序。
    WordPefect 6.0 is one of the newest items of canned software on the market.
    WordPefect6.0是市场上销售的软件包中最新的一款软件。
    180.character ：字符
    Any symbol, digit, letter, etc. that is stored or processed by a computer.
    由电脑存储、处理的任何符号、数字、字母等。
    An optical scanner can actually read characters and transfer them to the monitor screen of a computer.
    光学扫描仪能读出字符，并将其转换到电脑显示屏上。
    181.clones ：克隆，仿制品
    A term used to describe a product that is a copy of another one, such as a computer clone.
    指以其他产品为范本复制出来的产品。
    In the new global economy, there are dozens of computer clones on the market.
    在经济全球化的今天，市场上有几十种电脑仿制品。
    182.coding ：编码
    The writing of a list of computer instructions causing it to perform specific functions and operations.
    编写一系列计算机的指令，使之执行特定功能和操作。
    We are currently recoding all the computers in our office.
    我们现在正为办公室的所有计算机重新编码。
    183.computerese ：计算机行话
    Slang for computer jargon.
    计算机专业术语的俚称。
    Are you fluent in computerese?
    你对计算机行话熟悉吗?
    184.computernik ：计算机专家，计算机迷
    Slang for a person who spends a lot of time using computers.
    俚语，指长时间使用电脑的人。
    John hangs around with all the computernik.
    约翰同许多计算机机专家有来往。
    185.crash ： (系统)崩溃
    A system shutdown caused by a hardware or software malfunction.
    由硬件、软件故障导致系统的关闭。
    Our system just crashed.
    我们的系统刚才崩溃了。
    186.data leakage ： 数据丢失
    The illegal removal of data from a computer.
    非法移动电脑中的数据。
    We’ve had no data leakage problems since we’ve installed our new security program.
    自从安装新的保密程序后，我们的电脑没有出现数据丢失的问题。
    187.dot matrix ： 点阵(打印)
    Forming letters or characters from dots, as opposed to type.
    通过输出点来形成字母或字符，这和(传统的)打字相反。
    Dot matrix printers are being phased out and replaced by printers that can produce clean type.
    点阵式打印机正被淘汰，并为高清晰度打印机所取代。
    188.downtime ： 故障停机时间
    The length of time a computer is “down” because of a malfunction.
    由于故障而使电脑停机的时间。
    Sorry, you’ll have to come back later – the computers are down.
    抱歉，你待等会儿再来，我们的电脑出故障了。
    How much downtime did we log last month?
    我们上个月的故障停机时间有多长?
    189.info highway ： 信息高速公路
    The flow of TV and cable channels that will allow individuals to access a revolutionary variety of entertainment, news, communications, home-shopping, etc.
    电视和电讯通道的信息传输，这些信息通道让个人获得大量的娱乐、新闻、通讯服务和在家购物等，其种类令人目不暇接。
    Time Magazine featured a cover devoted to the new info highway in early 1993.
    1993年初，《时代周刊》刊载了一篇封面文章，专门介绍信息高速公路。
    190.infomaion overload ： 信息充塞
    A condition characterized by an excess of messages demanding attention, which leads to confusion and a loss of efficiency.
    需要关注的信息内容过多的状况，这种状况导致混乱和效率的降低。
    Most of us are suffering from information overload in the 1990s.
    在90年代我们大多数人都受害于信息充塞。

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    191.information revolution ：信息革命
    A condition characterized by an excess of message demanding attention, which leads to confusion and a loss of efficiency.
    需要关注的信息内容过多的状况，这种状况导致混乱和效率的降低。
    192.ink-jet printer ：喷墨打印机
    An output device that prints by spraying a thin stream of ink onto the paper.
    一种通过喷射细墨水流到纸上的打印装置。
    What brand of ink-jet printer do you use?
    你用的是什么牌子的喷墨打印机?
    193.knowledge engineering ：知识工程学
    The scientific study of integrating knowledge into computer systems to solve complex problems that would usually require human expertise.
    一科学领域，主要研究如何将知识合成到电脑系统中以解决通常需要专门知识才能解决的复杂问题。
    The next generation of computers will integrate knowledge engineering into their programming in order to solve complex problems in a way that more closely resembles human reasoning.
    下一代计算机将会把知识工程学融合到其程序中，以便用一种近似人类思维的方法来解决复杂问题。
    194.pixel ：象素
    The smallest display picture element on a video display screen.
    在显示屏上所显示图像的最小显示元素。
    The display screen of a computer contains thousands of tiny pixels that convey the images on the computer screen.
    电脑显示屏上有千千万万个象素，这些元构成了屏幕上的图像。
    195.software piracy ：软件盗版
    The duplication of commercial software without permission from the developer.
    未经开发商许可复制商业软件的侵权行为。
    The XYZ company used international lawyers to prosecute a crime ring involving software piracy in Taiwan.
    某某公司聘请国际律师起诉台湾的一个涉嫌软件盗版的犯罪团伙。
    196.superconductor ：超导体
    Material that has almost no resistance to the flow of electricity.
    对电流几乎没有阻力的材料。
    The new technology of superconductors has advanced the world of communications by allowing more information to be sent in a much faster manner.
    超导体技术可以使更多的信息以快得多的速度传输，从而促进了通信业的发展。
    197.telecommuting ：居家办公，远程上班
    Working at home and using a computer to communicate and interact with the office.
    使用电脑同办公室保持通讯联络，从而实现在家办公。
    More and more people are now telecommuting one or more days a week as opposed to going to the office everyday.
    与以前每天去办公室上班不同，现在越来越多的人每周一天或几天在家办公。
    198.touch screen ：触摸屏
    A computer that can be given commands by touching its display screen in the appropriate locations.
    一种电脑的屏幕，使用者可以触摸其适当的位置而对电脑发出指令。
    Some restaurants have provided touch screen computers to enable their customers to order food via the computer without to tell someone.
    199.user-friendly ：方便用户的
    Hardware or software that is designed to help people become familiar with their computer by simple, easy-to-follow instructions.
    电脑生产厂商所设计的一些硬件和软件，可让用户通过一些简单易学的指令来熟悉其电脑。
    Computers must be user-friendly in order to be accepted by the public.
    要让公众接受，电脑必须让用户感到方便。
    200.Virus ：病毒
    Coded directions in software that can erase or replace files and operating software in a computer. A computer virus can sit undetected in a computer until it's automatically activated, as when computer's clock strikes a certain date.
    软件中的密码指令，它可删除、转换电脑中的文件以及操作软件。电脑病毒会隐藏在电脑中不被发现，当电脑时钟指向某一日期它会被自动激活。
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