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2015年考研工作随着元旦的到来也完全结束，跨考网小编第一时间整理发布金融硕士考研真题及参考答案，以便广大考生参考。以下便是小编整理网友回忆的2015年考研上海外国语大学MTI真题。
英语基础
时间：12.27下午2:00~5:00
一、Filling following blanks with a word.
Nicholas Kristof is a New York Times columnist.
©2014/the new york times
American Dream is Leaving America
The best escalator to opportunity in the US is education. But a new study underscores that the escalator is broken.
We expect each generation to do better, but, currently, more young American men have less education (29%) than their parents than have more education (20%).
Among young Americans whose parents didn’t graduate from high school, only 5% make it through college themselves. In other rich countries, the figure is 23%.
The US is devoting billions of dollars to compete with Russia militarily, but maybe we should try to compete educationally. Russia now has the largest percentage of adults with a university education of any industrialized country—a position once held by the US, although we’re plunging in that roster.
These figures come from the annual survey of education from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD, and it should be a shock to Americans. A basic element of the American dream is equal access to education as the lubricant of social and economic mobility. But the American dream seems to have emigrated because many countries do better than the US in educational mobility, according to the OECD study.
As recently as 2000, the US still ranked second in the share of the population with a college degree. Now we have dropped to fifth. Among 25-to-34-year-olds—a glimpse of how we will rank in the future—we rank 12th, while once-impoverished South Korea tops the list.
A new Pew survey finds that Americans consider the greatest threat to our country to be the growing gap between the rich and poor. Yet we have constructed an education system, dependent on local property taxes, that provides great schools for the rich kids in the suburbs who need the least help, and broken, dangerous schools for inner-city children who desperately need a helping hand.
Too often, the US’s education system amplifies not opportunity but inequality. My dad was a World War II refugee who fled Ukraine and Romania and eventually made his way to France. He spoke perfect French, and Paris would have been a natural place to settle. But he felt that France was stratified and would offer little opportunity to a penniless Eastern European refugee, or even to his children a generation later, so he set out for the US. He didn’t speak English, but, on arrival in 1951, he bought a copy of the Sunday edition of The New York Times and began to teach himself—and then he worked his way through Reed College and the University of Chicago, earning a PhD and becoming a university professor.
He rode the American dream to success; so did his only child. But while he was right in 1951 to bet on opportunity in the US rather than Europe, these days he would perhaps be wrong. Researchers find economic and educational mobility are now greater in Europe than in the US.
That’s particularly sad because, as my Times colleague Eduardo Porter noted last month, egalitarian education used to be the US’s strong suit. European countries excelled at first-rate education for the elites, but the US led the way in mass education.By the mid-1800s, most American states provided a free elementary education to the great majority of white children. In contrast, as late as 1870, only 2% of British 14-year-olds were in school.
Then the US was the first major country, in the 1930s, in which a majority of children attended high school. By contrast, as late as 1957, only 9% of 17-year-olds in Britain were in school.
Until the 1970s, we were pre-eminent in mass education, and Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz of Harvard University argue powerfully that this was the secret to the US’s economic rise. Then we blew it, and the latest OECD report underscores how the rest of the world is eclipsing us.
In effect, the US has become 19th-century Britain: We provide superb education for elites, but we falter at mass education.
In particular, we fail at early education. Across the OECD, an average of 70% of 3-year-olds are enrolled in education programmes. In the US, it’s 38%.
In some quarters, there’s a perception that American teachers are lazy. But the OECD report indicates that American teachers work far longer hours than their counterparts abroad. Yet American teachers earn 68% as much as the average American college-educated worker, while the OECD average is 88%.
Fixing the education system is the civil rights challenge of our era. A starting point is to embrace an ethos that was born in the US but is now an expatriate: that we owe all children a fair start in life in the form of access to an education escalator.
Let’s fix the escalator.
二、Answer following questions(大概，有出入)
1、Why did the author’s father leave for America?
2、What is educational mobility like in Europe?
3、According to Claudia Goldin, what is the secret to the US’s economic rise?
4、What is the 19th-century Britain education like?
5、According to the author, how to fix the problem of American education system?
三、Writing
Write a response essay:
Would we be better off without religion?
Write in the format why or why not
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发表于 2016-7-13 19:52:55