考研英语阅读：主题题

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之前我们说过，英语阅读的题型有六种：主题题、例证题、推理题、细节题、词汇题、态度题。每种题型都有不同的攻克方法，这个"征服"系列就是告诉我们如何从不同题型入手，拿下2016考研英语阅读。
    【解题流程】
    一、识别
    题干中出现subject, summarize, main idea, mainly about, best title, primary
about, main topic等表达方式的时候可以判定为主题题。
    二、实质
    对论点或者论题提问。
    三、解题方法
    1.寻找主题句或者主体词
    (1)寻找主题句
    A.如何寻找主题句
    主题句通常出现在文章首段首句;
    主题句通常出现在文章开头转折处;
    主题句通常出现在文章开头现象结束处。
    B.主题句的特征
    主题句通常是一个概括总结性的结论或者判断。
    (2)寻找主体词
    主题句中有多次出现;
    在全文中有多次出现;
    在题干中有多次出现。
    四、解题原则
    1.正确选项不能是描述细节(范围过小);
    2.正确选项中不能包含无依据信息(范围过大);
    3.正确选项中应该包含主体词或其同义替换词;
    4.优先考虑议论文的标题。
    【相关真题】
    While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear
to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly
susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress
compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's
Veteran's Administration Hospital.
    Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow
affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the
trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the
studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female
reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of
the males.
                    

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    Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased
"opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well.
It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their
capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes,
"it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn
out from it more visibly and sooner."
    Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the
kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or
repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed
to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence
that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately,
parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The
wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite
devastating."
    Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined
to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in
so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and
do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the
hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car
payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
    Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez
describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few
breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance
of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your
ability to function.
    Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
    [A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
    [B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
    [C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
    [D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
    题型识别：主题题
    题干定位：需找原文主题句和主体词。文中第一句就引出了文章主题：女性更容易受到压力的负面影响，之后各段就展开讨论。主体词在文中就是两个：women和stress。
    思路解析：对于主题题而言，通常主体词或者主体词的替换词是应该出现在选项中的，并且要注意选项范围的大小，太小流于细节，太大就会超出文章讨论的范围，此题中women和stress为主体词，应该在正确答案中出现。
    选项分析：包含有这两个主体词的选项为D。C只是论证过程中的细节;A没有谈及女性且没有结论;B是一个干扰选项，范围过大，这篇文章只在说女性没有谈及男性的具体情况，所以还谈不上性别上的不同。
    很多人不知道考研英语阅读理解的文体到底是什么，可以明确的是，是议论文，哪怕是科普性的文章也是侧重对文中观点进行考查。在阅读的标准化试题中，我们都可以把阅读分为三个部分：原文、题干和选项。原文是解题的依据，题干是解题的路标，选项是解题的关键。