『美国学生的SAT读写成绩不断下滑，这表明目前教育改革只立足于测评和提高教师素质是远远不够的。』
How to Stop the Drop in Verbal Scores
如何挽救语文成绩
September 18th 2011 | from The New York Times
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THE latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered.
This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to hold down a job. It also predicts future income.
The decline has led some commentators to embrace demographic determinism — the idea that the verbal scores of disadvantaged students will not significantly rise until we overcome poverty. But that explanation does not account for the huge drop in verbal scores across socioeconomic groups in the 1970s.
The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes were not demographics or TV watching, but vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great Verbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach.
Cognitive psychologists agree that early childhood language learning (ages 2 to 10) is critical to later verbal competence, not just because of the remaq�ky"http://kaoyan.koolearn.com/zhuanshuo/mt/" target="_blank">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"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/19/opinion/how-to-stop-the-drop-in-verbal-scores.html?ref=opinion">http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/19/opinion/how-to-stop-the-drop-in-verbal-scores.html?ref=opinion | 
发表于 2017-8-5 22:01:37