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细节事实题
这是考研阅读考试中的重点题型，每年大概都有近一半的题目。主要考查的是对于文章具体细节事实的了解和判断，以及将文章内容和选项本身进行对比分析的能力。因此，这个题型最能体现句子解析能力，同时我们也发现做这个题的时候，词汇固然重要，但从结构上把握句子，有的时候能事半功倍，不完全认识词汇也能把题解决。
(07-01-23) According to Ericsson, good memory
[A] depends on meaningful processing of information。
[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises。
[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors。
[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration。
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome。
这是完全开放的细节题，只能以选项进行一个一个的查找。A选项比较没有特色，我们先看B，里面的两个词intuitive、cognitive不是太熟，但可以发现它们在文中是原词再现的。对比一下，会发现在结构上就不同。文章是the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one，选项是results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises，文章强调的是more的后面cognitive，而选项强调的是rather than的前面intuitive，明显是不同的。
再看C，文章中是memory itself is not genetically determined，选项是is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors，强调的是rather than的前面genetic,这与原文相反，排除。
再看D, 文章是it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 选项是requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration，文中提到了goals, feedback, concentration三个内容，而选项中只有后两者，信息明显缺失，排除。
再看A，定位到文章后发现文中是And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 其中的encode与选项中的process是同义转化，答案为A。
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发表于 2017-8-5 21:53:50