Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 1 with others.
首先,根据because一词后的由or并列的两个小句,小句1“they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds”以及小句2“that they have learned criminal behavior through 1 with others”两部分可知,两个小句为青少年从事犯罪活动的原因,一是由于“他们以前的恶性没有受到应有的惩罚”,或者是由于“他们通过与其他人的 而学会了犯罪”; 从前面的learned criminal behavior来判断,与别人的交往(相互作用或影响)是染上犯罪行为的途径。因此,正确答案为A(interaction 相互作用)。
参考译文:
Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.