考研英语历年真题要点之1991-Text 1（三）

考研族

　　历年真题是最宝贵的复习资料。针对考研英语，以下几个方面基本上是固定的，包括词汇量、句子结构、篇章模式、选项设置、命题规律，因此考点当然也是固定的。把真题研究透彻，对于顺利通过考试甚至取得高分是至关重要的。文都教育考研英语老师为大家梳理一下1991年Text 1的要点，主要涉及相对重要的词汇和短语的含义和用法以及典型长难句的分析。
　　The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.
　　main cause“主要原因”；breakdown“故障，崩溃，衰弱”；radical shift“根本改变”；commit a crime“犯罪”；victim“受害者”；reversal“逆转”；it’s the criminal who is considered victimized为强调句型it is...who...；criminal“罪犯”，也可以充当形容词“犯罪的”；victimize“使受害”；冒号起到解释说明的作用；underprivileged=under+privilege+ed，under“在...之下”，privilege“特权”，privileged“享有特权的”，因此，underprivileged在享有特权的之下，可以引申为“物质条件差的，社会地位低下的”；upbringing名词“养育，教养”；fail to do“没能做某事”；reach结合语境，可以表示“影响”；moral guidance“道德上的引导”；provide“提供”，常见搭配provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.；stable“稳定的”，反义词instable。
　　I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.
　　disadvantaged“处于不利地位的，社会地位底下的”，dis-表示“否定”的前缀，advantage“优势，有利条件”，advantaged“处于优势的”；engage in“参与，从事”；free...from...“使...摆脱...，免于...”；excuse名词“借口，理由”；where引导定语从句；accept responsibility for“对...承担责任”。
　　We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.
　　desperately“极度地”，desperately need迫切需要=in desperate need of，因此原文也可以说We in America in desperate need of more people...
　　以上就是文都教育考研英语老师为大家梳理的1991年Text 1后三段的要点，希望对各位同学的复习有所帮助。接下来，我们会继续以这样的方式为各位同学提炼真题要点，帮助大家更加透彻地掌握历年真题，从而攻克考研英语。