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考生困惑的是:
学生在做考研阅读真题的时候会遇到各种各样的问题,但是有两种是最普遍的。有的学生说自己已经读懂了文章,但是还是会错两个;但是有的学生却是没有读懂文章,也是错了两个。很显然,第一种学生是在不短的时间里错了两个;第二种学生是在不长的时间里错了两个,很显然,第一中学生是比较"冤枉"的。
下面跨考教育以2010年考研英语一阅读理解的第三篇文章来讲述那些考生所不知道的事情之一:阅读测试的设计原则。
首先我们需要了解考研的性质。
考研的性质:
招生学校对考生会进行各方面的测量。考研是一种测试,是招生学校对考生进行的测量形式之一,也是目前为止考研各种测量中方式中最具有决定性的一环。语言测试用于多种目的,而考试的目的就是:筛选。往好听了说是:选就是选拔;往难听了说是:筛就是淘汰。
其次我们再从命题者的角度来了解阅读测试的设计原则。
原则一:
众所周知,我们阅读的目的是为了获取信息。信息分为主信息和辅助信息。主信息就是指文章的主旨;抓住了主信息就等于捉住了文章的核心或者主题。辅助信息主要是一些阐明主信息的辅助性事实或者观点。两种信息都要考,所以说命题者所测试的考点要一信息为目标,围绕信息设计考点。
但是并非文章所传递的信息都要测试,测试的信息有两种,一种是主要信息,一种是和主要信息相关的辅助信息。
所以我们在阅读理解的课堂上强调大家要读题干,读题干的目的就是为了确定这篇文章的考点有哪五个?
比如说2010年第三篇文章的题干如下:
31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to____.
32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"____.
33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that____.
34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who____.
35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?
然后在通读文章,通读文章的时候需要明确核心话题、中心思想(议论文为文章的论点)和主要内容。
浏览文章的重点是每段的首句。
In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected.…
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": …
In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. …
The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet …
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. ….
通过阅读每一段的首句我们便可以确定这篇文章通篇都是再讲:social influence的问题,所以文章的中心话题就是:social influence。文章所有的陈述都是围绕这一个中心话题展开。
正确答案的特征也是围绕中心话题展开:
请看每道题目的正确答案:
31.[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas
32.[D] requires solid evidence for its validity
33.[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions
34.[C] are influenced and then influence others
35.[C] The readiness to be influenced
在这五道题目中,33/34/35考察的为主要信息,31/32考察的为辅助信息。
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