2017考研英语二阅读真题（网友版）

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        　　Section II Reading Comprehension
        　　Part A
        　　Directions:
        　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
        　　Text 1
        　　Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run
5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends
and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed
by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents;
their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up
to an hour.
        　　Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years
ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in
London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be
to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would
be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number
of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to
2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now
falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils
doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen
among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London
2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers
answers.
        　　Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock.
The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer
being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic
bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more
elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking
part was intimidating for newcomers.
        　　Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in
the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports
associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting
involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields
and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision
of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided
over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining
attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future
governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at
least not make them worse.
        　　21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .
        　　[A] gained great popularity
        　　[B] created many jobs
        　　[C] strengthened community ties
        　　[D] become an official festival
        　　Text 2
        　　With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to
forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”
says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there
to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot
of bleed-over into the family routine. ”
        　　Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by
giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who
sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent
fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation,
she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be
looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for
their attention.
        　　Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their
world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when
absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky
cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed
Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a
normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual
social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to
capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at
all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and
sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”
says Radesky.
        　　On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about
kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that
parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a
somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if
you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”
Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen
doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to
have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he
says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some
work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more
available to their child the rest of the time.
        　　26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to
______.
        　　[A] simplify routine matters
        　　[B] absorb user attention
        　　[C] better interpersonal relations
        　　[D] increase work efficiency
        　　【答案】[B] absorb user attention
        　　27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices
______.
        　　[A] takes away babies’ appetite
        　　[B] distracts children’s attention
        　　[C] slows down babies’ verbal development
        　　[D] reduces mother-child communication
        　　【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication
        　　28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.
        　　[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
        　　[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
        　　[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood
        　　[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
        　　【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
        　　29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents
to_______.
        　　[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
        　　[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
        　　[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
        　　[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens
        　　【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
        　　30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.
        　　[A] give their parents some free time
        　　[B] make their parents more creative
        　　[C] help them with their homework
        　　[D] help them become more attentive

kyone

        　　Text 3
        　　Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in
conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often
causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.
After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly
to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it
doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.
        　　But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap
years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the
socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate
school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a
gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably
enhances it.
        　　Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a
gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than
those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them
ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental
changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap
year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and
being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on
academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.
        　　If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to
explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic
choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80
percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This
isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves
students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their
college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.
It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly
to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for
example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the
nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out
initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.
        　　31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is
that .
        　　[A] they think it academically misleading
        　　[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college
        　　[C] it feels strange to do differently from others
        　　[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
        　　Text 4
        　　Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency
of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,
says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.
        　　In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of
its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it
spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are
going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and
cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives
of all Americans.
        　　Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are
going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often
are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?
        　　“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the
whole country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like,
“Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to
concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”
        　　Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today
views fire, researchers say.
        　　For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.
Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of
the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.
        　　While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the
expense of the rest of the equation.
        　　“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the
interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads
to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of
the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”
        　　At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to
be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch
at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in
human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and
practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
        　　“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is
really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human
connection with fire today.”
        　　36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015
they .
        　　[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts
        　　[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget
        　　[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states
        　　[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
         
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