中公辅导老师详解1988年考研英语text 1

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不会学习才当“学渣”详解1988年考研英语text 1
　　——高子泠
　　一直以来人们都有一个偏见，学渣是不爱学习的。据个人观察，有些同学也是起早贪黑，不可谓不用功，不可谓厌学，但是看过的书转眼即忘，成绩因而总不见长，今天这篇文章告诉大家，怎么阅读才不易遗忘，才能真正掌握知识。
　　It doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it.
　　翻译：如果你记不住的话，你读了什么，学了什么，就没有什么用，当你意识到这一点的话，是不足为奇的。
　　讲解：make no difference：没影响，不起作用。
　　You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.
　　翻译：你只是在浪费宝贵的时间。也许你已经发现了一些聪明的办法避免自己遗忘。
　　讲解：keep from：阻止，抑制。
　　One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.
　　翻译：能帮你记住所学内容的一个可靠的方法是为阅读找一个明确的目标或者理由。
　　讲解：dependable：depend(依赖)+able(可…的)→可靠的
　　You remember better what you read when you know why you’re reading.
　　翻译：当你知道自己为什么阅读时，你的记忆得更好。
　　Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you. I’m just looking”? Both you and she know that if you aren’t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.
　　翻译：为什么当你这样回答店员：“不，谢谢。我只是看看”时，店员会走开?你和她都知道，如果你不确定自己要什么的时候，你们两个都不会找到它。
　　But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.”
　　翻译：但是如果你这样说：“是的，谢谢。我想要一副太阳镜。”她会说，“这边请”。
　　讲解：
　　And you and she are off -- both eager to look for exactly what you want.
　　翻译：你们双双出发——急切地去找你想要的东西。
　　讲解：off：离开;脱掉;断开。
　　It’s quite the same with your studying. If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that -- nothing.
　　翻译：你的学习也是一样。如果你随意选择一本书，“只是看看”，而没什么特殊目的，你可能什么都得不到。
　　But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.
　　翻译：但是，如果你的确知道自己想要什么，并且如果你有正确的书，你就很有可能学到你想要的。
　　Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.
　　翻译：学习的理由可能千变万化;理由可能包括阅读或者学习“找出更多的(内容)”，“去理解原因”，“去找到方法”。
　　A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.
　　翻译：好学生做事情有一个明确的目标或理由。
　　This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America. I’m reading this article to find out.”
　　翻译：这是有效的方式。在你开始学习之前，可以这样对自己说：“我想知道为什么史蒂芬文森特贝内特突然开始写关于美国的文章。我正要读这些文章来找出原因。”
　　Or, “I’m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.
　　翻译：或者，“我正要浏览这个故事以看看中世纪的英国生活是怎样的。”因为你知道自己为什么阅读或者学习，你就会把获得的信息和你的目的联系起来从而记得更牢。
　　讲解：relate A to B：把A和B联系起来。
　　Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time.
　　As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.
　　翻译：阅读不是一个单一的活动。至少有两个重要的进程在同时进行。当你阅读时，你会很快地，准确地领会思想。
　　讲解：take in：吸收，接受;领会，理解;受骗。
　　But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.
　　翻译：但是当你对自己所读产生反思时，同时你会表达自己的思想。你会和作者产生心灵上的交流。
　　If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree. That’s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. I’d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!”
　　翻译：如果以口头表达的形式，这些交流听起来像是这样：“是的，我同意。那也是我的意见。”或是，“嗯，我想纪录早就被突破了。我最好查查日期，”或是“但是一些其他的因素应该被考虑进去!”
　　You don’t just sit there taking in ideas -- you do something else, and that something else is very important.
　　翻译：你是不会被动接受观点的——你会做一些其他的事，一些很重要的事。
　　This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.
　　翻译：把这种附带的、对于你所读的内容的思考和评价的过程和你所知道的知识联系起来，并利用这种联系达到自己的目的。换句话说，好的读者是有批判思维的读者。
　　One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are one’s own personal reactions.
　　翻译：正如你发现的那样，批判性阅读的一部分时区分事实和观点。事实可以通过证据来验证。观点是一个人对事实的反应。
　　Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.
　　翻译：批判性阅读的另一部分是评价的来源，还有一部分是得出准确的推论。
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