2012年真题英语一第4篇阅读理解解析

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2012年真题英语一第4篇阅读理解解析
　　——魏海妹
　　1. It can be learned from the first paragraph that
　　[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.
　　[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.
　　[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.
　　[D] the government has improved its relationship with unionists.
　　解：根据题干中the first paragraph定位到文章第一段。根据A项关键词“Teamsters”定位到第二句话“When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.”句意为“当Hoffa领导的Teamsters在1960年最辉煌的时候，美国政府工作人员中只有十分之一的人加入了工会，如今这个比例达到了36%”，而A项“Teamsters依然有大量的会员”，该句并不是表达此意，故A错。根据B项关键词“civil servant”定位到第一句“If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant”句意为“如果工会主义者Hoffa还健在，他将可能成为公务员的代表。”，而B项“Hoffa曾经是名公务员”，原文并不是表达此意，故B错。D项“政府已经改善与工会主义者们的关系”文章未提，故D错。根据C项“public-sector”定位“In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector.”句意为“在2009年美国公共服务机构的工会主义者数量超过了私企的工会主义者数量”可知C项“公共服务机构的工会成员数量有所扩大”正确。
　　2. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?
　　[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.
　　[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.
　　[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.
　　[D] Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.
　　解：根据题干“Paragraph 2”定位第二段。根据第二句话“First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences.”句意为“公共部门工会人员可以举行罢工，又不用承担太多后果”可知D项“公共部门工会很少因为行动问题陷入麻烦”正确。其中A项“公共部门工会行动谨慎”原文未提，故A项错。根据B项关键词“education”定位到原文第三句话“Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree.”句意为“他们大多头脑聪明且受过良好教育。美国的公共部门有四分之一的工作人员拥有大学学历”，而B项“公共部门工会成员需要具备教育条件”属于对原文的曲解，故B错。根据C项关键词“Labor Party”定位到原文“Britain’s Labor Party has long been associated with trade unionism.”句意为“英国工党与工会主义的关系源远流长”，而C项“工党同公共部门的工会长期斗争”正好与原文相反，故C错。
　　3. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is
　　[A] illegally secured.
　　[B] indirectly augmented.
　　[C] excessively increased.
　　[D] fairly adjusted.
　　解：根据关键词“paragraph 4”定位到第四段，根据“Politicians have repeatedly backloaded public-sector pay deals”句意为“政客频繁地变相增加公共部门的薪资”可知B项“间接增加”为正确答案。其中A项“非法获得”属于过度推理。根据原文“keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous”即“保持工资中等程度地增长，而且增加假期尤其是提高本已非常优厚的养老金待遇”可知C项“过度增长”错误，D项“公平调整”错误。
　　4. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions
　　[A] often run against the current political system. [B] can change people’s political attitudes.
　　[C] may be a barrier to public-sector reforms. [D] are dominant in the government.
　　解：根据关键词“Wisconsin”定位“In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.”句意为“在威斯康辛州，各工会集结了数千支持者，反对共和党强硬派州长Scott Walker。”可知C项“工会是公共部门改革的障碍”正确。其中A项“经常与现行政治体系对抗”属于过度推断，B项“能改变人们的政治态度”、D项“在政府中占主导地位”原文未提。
　　5. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of
　　[A] disapproval. [B] appreciation.
　　[C] tolerance. [D] indifference.
　　解：根据John Donahue定位最后一段，根据“public-sector system”定位到“Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.”句意为“银行家的丰厚收入遭到了很多批评，但是缺乏成就激励的公共部门体系或许才是美国面临的更大问题”，故John对公共部门体系持不支持的态度，所以A对。其中B项“欣赏”C项“宽容”D项“冷漠”。
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