考研英语题型解析之例证题

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考研英语题型解析之例证题
　　——中公考研英语研究院 刘真真
　　关于传统阅读理解部分，考研英语大纲对各位考生提出了明确的要求，根据其具体要求，我们可以将考研英语的阅读理解分为六大题型，本篇文章重点介绍主旨大意题中的一种题型“抛砖引玉题”的解题技巧，希望能够帮助各位同学取得本种题型的得分。
　　我们拿过来一篇阅读理解，首先要扫描题干，判断题型。那“抛砖引玉题”的识别标志是什么呢?总结如下：...的example/case/story ... to demonstrate/illustrate/show等标志信息时，基本可定性为“抛砖引玉题”。
　　其次，知道了如何识别“抛砖引玉题”后，就要清楚“抛砖引玉题”的解题方法：抛砖引玉引出的就是文章中心，简单粗暴的说，“砖”的时态一般是完成时和过去式，而“玉”的时态一般为现在的时态。因此，识别出哪句是“砖”，哪句是“玉”才是解题的关键。而正确答案的来源就是“玉”所在的那句话，干扰选项就是“砖”所在句子的信息，或者是文中没有提到的信息。所以接下来，通过真题来明确下“抛砖引玉题”的做法。
　　例一：
　　Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
　　42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________. (2003 text1)
　　A. introduce the topic of online spying
　　B. show how he fought for the U.S.
　　C. give an episode of the information war
　　D. honor his unique services to the CIA
　　解析：文中加下划线之前的句子中动词的时态都是过去的时态，即与“砖”所在的句子，而最后一句加下划线的句子，通过“These days” 这个标志性词语我们可以知道主句里的时态是现在的时态，即为“玉”所在的句子，所以正确答案应为 “These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.”这句话的同意替换，因此答案为A。
　　牛刀小试：
　　When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
　　31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________. (2006 Text3)
　　A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
　　B. small species survived as large animals disappeared
　　C. large sea animals may face the same threat today
　　D. slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
　　成功总是青睐于有准备的人，如果你脚踏实地的付出了，请相信命运一定会给你应得的惊喜。一分耕耘一分收获，考研路，中公与您同行!