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我们知道，英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”，这种语序称为陈述句语序；如果把谓语的全部或一部分置于主语之前，就称为倒装语序。当谓语全部置于主语之前，称为全部倒装；当谓语一部分(如助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前，称为部分倒装。
(一) there be句型
There be句型在1989-2014年的英语一的真题中出现了73次，可见其重要性。
例句1：There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. (2014英语一text2)
分析：one path for a lawyer is there 是原来的语序，现在倒装在后面，冒号解释说明为什么是一条路。冒号后面有两个中心主语：a four-year undergraduate degree和a three-year law degree，authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam 做后置定语。
翻译：在美国的大多数州，想要成为一名律师，只有一条路可循：首先要接受四年的、与法律完全不相关的某门课程的学习；此外，还要在美国律师协会所认可的200所法律学校中某一所进行为期三年的学习并获得法学学位。
例句2 ：Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (2007年英语一完型)
分析： 该句是复合句，其中a belief 与 that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语关系，形容词短语large enough to be...作定语修饰states。
翻译： 他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家，大到经济上可运行良好，并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。
(二) 有时一些表示存在意义的不及物动词也可用于该句型，如：stand, lie, exist, live, remain, appear, come, happen, occur, rise等。在作文描图中，建议考生多用
例句3：在2012年的英语一大作文中，我们就能这么描述：What the profound cartoon reflects is a not uncommon social phenomenon, from which we can observe that in this cartoon stand two men and a bottle of milk.
分析：本来是two men and a bottle of milk stand in this cartoon.
(三) here, there等词置于句首
here, there, now, then, thus, hence 置于句首而主语不是人称代词时，主谓倒装；如果主语是人称代词或非人称代词，主谓不倒装。
例句4： Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.(2002年Text 1)
分析： 该句是复合句，which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修饰story。
翻译： 举个例子，在一次护士大会上，我听到了一个效果很理想的幽默故事，因为听众都对医生持有相同的看法。
(四) 表示方向、地点，伴随等状语置于句首
up, down, away, here, in, out, off 等置于句首时，需要全部倒装。
例子5：With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.(2000年text4)
分析：分号前的原本的语序是centralization has come with economic growth，伴随状语前置，句子全部倒装。
翻译：随着经济的发展，居住集中化也接踵而至，在日本一亿一千九百万人当中，足有76%的人生活在城市，社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，取而代之的是单门独户的两代之家。 |
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发表于 2016-8-15 21:59:57