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发表于 2016-8-15 23:25:54
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Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text(41-45) . The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
[A] Set a Good Example for Your Kids
[B] Build Your Kids' Work Skills
[C] Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities
[D] Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis
[E] Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies
[F] Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are
[G] Build Your Kids' Sense of Responsibility
How can a Parent Help?
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job's starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult's need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the startup adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I ca"work life unreadiness":
41.
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12.Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.
42.
Kids need a range of authentic role models-as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinnertable discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying"I have no idea".They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.
43.
Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn, parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a parttime job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.
44.
Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous bats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.
45.
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult(as naive or illconceved as it may seem) have while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults. must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.
父母如何提供帮助?
父母可以做很多事确保自己的孩子能够安全进入成人期。即使一份工作的起薪低得似乎很难满足一个即将成人的孩子的快速自我满足的需求,如果这个准成人准备好了的话,从学校向职场的转变可以少些困顿。这里有几种方法,选自我的书《不管是否准备好,生活已经开始》,父母可以借鉴它们来预防我称为"工作未准备好"的情况。
帮助孩子了解自己
当孩子们11或12岁的时候,你就可以开始这个过程。周期性地和他们一起评论他们显现出的优点和缺点,一起克服任何缺点,诸如在交流和合作方面遇到的困难。此外,还要发现他们一直以来的兴趣所在,这是因为它们会提供将来什么职业最适合他们的线索。
定期谈论关于未来的话题
孩子们需要一系列真实的行为榜样,这与他们小圈子里的成员、流行歌星及自负的运动不同。定期在晚餐桌前谈论家庭成员认识的人,他们是如何达成自己的理想的。讨论你自己职业中的快乐和不利方面,鼓励你的孩子就他们自己的前途有些想法。当问到他们想做什么的时候,应该阻止他们说"我没想法"他们可以200次改变自己的想法,但是对于前途看法模糊可不怎么好。
增强孩子的工作技能
教师负责教孩子如何学习,家长应该教孩子如何工作。给孩子分配家务,确保作业按时完成。鼓励十几岁的孩子做兼职工作。孩子们需要足够的练习才能够延迟自己的满足感,施展有效的组织才能,例如管理时间,设定优先考虑的事情等。
限制活动时间
玩电子游戏会让人们感到即时的满足。几个小时看带有录音的笑声的电视剧只会让孩子们消极地处理信息。同时,通过耳机长时间地听同一单调的节奏会让孩子们沉浸在自己的幻想中而不是努力追求其他的东西。这些活动会妨碍重要的沟通和思考能力的发展,孩子在未来大多数工作都需要的持续的注意力方面的发展很困难。
帮助孩子培养解决问题的能力
他们应该知道如何应对困境、压力及感觉能力不足的情况。他们应该学会如何解决问题和冲突,学习进行头脑风暴的方法,批判性地思考问题。家庭里讨论能够帮助孩子练习这些能力,帮助他们将这些技能应用到日常生活的不同情况。
那些已长大成人但是看起来在苦苦挣扎,漫无目的地在刚刚成人时游荡的那些儿女们该如何呢?家长们还扮演一个重要的角色,但现在这个角色更棘手些。他们必须小心,不让自己对孩子失望。他们应该表现出对自己还缺乏经验的孩子看起来还很天真或考虑不周所感兴趣的东西的强烈兴趣和尊敬,在探索他们未来的选择方面成为孩子们的伙伴。最重要的是,这些刚刚长大的孩子必须要感觉到他们受尊敬,得到一个欣赏他们的家庭的支持。
本篇讲述的是"父母如何帮助子女成长"。
第一段:父母如何采取措施,防止孩子从学校到工作和生活的不适应。
第二段:定期回顾孩子的长处和短处,发现他们的兴趣所在。
第三段:利用真实的榜样,确定对未来的打算。
第四段:教育孩子如何工作。
第五段:打游戏、看电视、听随身听会阻碍孩子的交流和思维技能发展,也会造成注意力分散。
第六段:帮助孩子锻炼处理问题的能力并付诸实践。
第七段:重申父母在孩子成长过程中的重要性。
[A]--不选
为孩子树立好的榜样。
[B]--43题
培养孩子的工作技能。
[C]--44题
限制休闲活动的时间
[D]--42题
经常讨论未来的发展。
[E]--45题
帮助孩子掌握解决问题的方法。
[F]--41题
帮助孩子弄清他们是谁。
[G]--不选
培养孩子的责任感。
选项[A]
选项[B]第四段话的主题是"how to work"(如何工作),assign...、encourage...是具体的举例,因此第43处选B。
选项[C]第五段从playing video games、watching TV shows、listening through earphones可以判断这段话讨论leisure activities(休闲活动),这些活动要适可而止,所以第44处选C。
选项[D]从第三段:regular dinnertable discussions(经常在饭桌上开展讨论)、about their own future(关于他们自己的未来)......,由此可知D项填在第42处Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis(定期与孩子谈论未来)最符合题意。
选项[E] 从第六段how to deal with...、how to solve...判断第45处选E: Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies。
选项[F]文章第二段:review their emerging strengths and weaknesses(回顾他们表现出来的优缺点)、identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best(弄清楚他们常常对什么感兴趣,因为它们会为他们将来最适合干什么提供线索),这些都是指帮助他们认清自我,所以正确答案是41处。
选项[G]
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However,only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.(46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily,the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education,its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand,it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice,democracy and freedom.(47)On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example,notions of evidence and fact,of basic fights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state,is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the way the state works,the better their reporting will be.(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore,the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a wellgrounded understanding of the legal system.
几个世纪以来,欧洲的大学一直认为法学是一门基本学科。然而,直到最近几年,法学才成为加拿大大学本科专业的一个重要科目。传统上,这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权,而不是一个受过教育的人必备的知识才能。可喜的是,加拿大的许多大学正在树立更传统、更具欧洲大陆特色的法律教育观点,有些大学甚至已经开始授予法学学士学位。
如果法学正在开始成为普通教育的重要组成部分,那么它的目标和方法应该会立刻吸引新闻学教育者。法律是一门鼓励负责任的判断的学科。一方面,它为分析像正义、民主和自由这样的概念提供机会。另一方面,如同记者每天在报道和评论新闻时会与生活建立起联系那样,法律把这些概念(公正、民主和自由)和日常实践联系在一起。比如,有关证据和事实、基本权利和公共利益这样的概念在新闻判断和新闻编写过程中就如同在法庭上一样发挥作用。通过研读并思考法律来提高判断能力是一名新闻记者应该为其事业做的一项知识准备。
但是,新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻地理解法律,这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的既定惯例和特殊职责的理解。政治,或者广义上说,国家的职能,是新闻记者报道的一个主要方面。他们对国家的机制了解得越多,报道就越优秀。事实上,我们很难想象,对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清晰了解的记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道。
此外,法律体系及其中发生的事件是新闻记者报道的主题。虽然法律报道的质量各有不同,但是许多新闻记者都过分依赖律师提供给他们的诠释。尽管律师提供的评论和反馈可能会增加报道的深度,但记者最好还是依靠自己的理解并做出自己的判断。
46. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
[结构分析]
Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed/in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
这是一个简单句。Traditionally是状语,用来修饰整个语句;legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers是主句;短语rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person 用来补充说明前面语句。
[词义推敲]
legal learning 学习法律
viewed...as...把......视为......
intellectually equipment 知识装备
[翻译润色]
Traditionally传统上
..., legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers 这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权
rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.而不是一个受过教育的人必备的知识才能。
[参考译文]
传统上,这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权,而不是一个受过教育的人必备的知识才能。
47. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
[结构分析]
On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities/in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
这是一个复合句。On the other作为状语,补充说明整个句子;it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner 是主句;定语从句which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news用来修饰名词"manner";从句as they cover and comment on the news是时间状语从句。
[词义推敲]
link...to把......联系起来
be parallel to和......一样
cover 报道
comment on评论
[翻译润色]
On the other另一方面
..., it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner法律把这些概念和日常实践联系在一起
which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis如同会与生活建立起联系那样
as they cover and comment on the news记者每天在报道和评论新闻时
[参考译文]
另一方面,如同记者每天在报道和评论新闻时会与生活建立起联系那样,法律把公正、民主和自由这些概念和日常实践联系在一起。
48. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
[结构分析]
But the idea//that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on/all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
这是一个复合句。But the idea rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media是主句;同位语从句that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen用来补充说明"idea"的内容。
[词义推敲]
rest on 基于......
the established conventions 既定惯例
[翻译润色]
But the idea rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media 但是,这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解
that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律
[参考译文]
但是,新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律,这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解。
49. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
[结构分析]
In fact, it is difficult to see/how journalists//who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
这是一个特殊句型,"It is difficult to..."。句子中In fact做状语。主句为it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.在该句子中how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.整个从句作为动词"see"的宾语,同时who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution是定语从句,用来修饰"journalists"。
[词义推敲]
have a clear grasp of清楚把握
[翻译润色]
In fact事实上
..., it is difficult to see how journalists can do a competent job on political stories 我们很难想象,记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道
who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握
[参考译文]
事实上,我们很难想象,对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握的记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道。
50. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
[结构分析]
While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
这是一个复合句。While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories与it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.构成让步关系。
[词义推敲]
enhance提高,增加......的深度
rely on依靠
make their own judgments做出自己的判断
[翻译润色]
While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories尽管律师提供的评论和反馈可能会增加报道的深度
..., it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance ,但记者最好还是依靠自己的理解,
and make their own judgments. 并做出自己的判断。
[参考译文]
尽管律师提供的评论和反馈可能会增加报道的深度,但记者最好还是依靠自己的理解,并做出自己的判断。
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