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2009考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(31)

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发表于 2016-8-15 21:55:54 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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TEXT 5
When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family."
订阅收藏《2009考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记》系列文章
Curiously, some two and a half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of " have it all ", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time."
In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a wellestablished trend.Downshifting-also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti consumerism.There are a number of bestselling downshifting self help books for people who want to simplify their lives;there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling film to making their own soap;there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid 90s equivalent of dropping out.
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late  80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.
67. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
[A] Full time employment is a new international trend.
[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
[C] "A lateral move" means stepping out of full time employment.
[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.
68. The writer's experiment shows that downshifting .
[A] enables her to realize her dream
[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life
[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status
[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine
69. "Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized by .
[A] non materialistic lifestyle
[B] a bit of everything
[C] extreme stress
[D] anti consumerism
70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of .
[A] the quick pace of modern life
[B] man's adventurous spirit
[C] man's search for mythical experiences
[D] the economic situation  
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发表于 2016-8-15 22:40:45 | 显示全部楼层
abandon4 v.①抛弃;②放弃;③放纵,放任
absolute2 a.绝对的,完全的
achieve12 v.①完成,实现;②达到,达成,获得
acquaintance2 n.熟人,相识
alternative1 a.两者挑一的;n.可供选择的事物,替换物,选择对象
breed1 v.①(使)繁殖,生殖;②产生,引起;③教养,抚养,饲养;n.品种,种类
career11 n.①生涯,经历;②专业,职业
cause28 n.①原因,理由;②事业,事件,奋斗目标;v.使产生,引起
characterize6 v.①表示...的特性;②描述...的特性
circumstance3 n.①[pl.]情况,形势,环境;②经济情形,境况
claim12 v.①要求;②声称,主张;③索赔;n.①要求;②主张,断言;③索赔;④权利,要求权,所有权
cling2 v.①(to)粘住,依附;②(to)坚持;③(clingfilm)保鲜膜
compel2 v.强迫,迫使
deadline2 n.最后期限
decline14 v./n.①下倾,下降,下垂,衰落;②斜面,倾斜;v.拒绝,谢绝
disgrace1 n.失宠,耻辱;v.①使失宠;②玷辱,使蒙羞
doctrine1 n.教义,教条,主义
economic23 a.经济(上)的,经济学的
emerge9 v.浮现,出现
employment7 n.①雇佣;②使用;③工作,职业
enable8 v.使能够,使成为可能
equivalent3 a.(to)相等的,等价的,等值的;n.相等物,等价物,等值物
establish10 v.①建立,设立;②安置,使定居;③确定,证实
exit1 n.①出口,通道;②退场,退出
experience18 n.经验,经历;v.体验,经历
experiment11 n.试验;v.(on)做实验
extreme4 a.①末端的,尽头的;②极度的,极端的;n.①极端;②最大程度;③极度(状态)
fearful1 a.可怕的
financial11 a.财政的,金融的
lateral1 n.①侧面的,旁边的;②横向的,平级的
lead21 v.①领导,引导;②领先,占首位;③(to)通向,导致,引起;④经历,过(生活);n.带领,引导;n.铅
limitation2 n.限制,局限性
link9 v.连接,联系;n.环节,链环
manner7 n.①方式,方法;②态度,举止;③[pl.]风度,礼貌;④规矩;⑤风俗
means32 n.方法,手段
mold2 n.①模子,铸型;②霉菌;v.形成,成形
novel2 n.(长篇)小说;a.新奇的,新颖的
organic3 a.①器官的;②有机的;③有机体的
pace3 n.步,步伐;v.踱步
philosophy2 n.哲学,人生观
politics5 n.①政治,政治学;②政纲,政见
preach2 v.①宣讲(教义),布道;②竭力鼓吹,宣传;③讲道,说教
pressure6 n.①压(力);②强制,压迫,压强;v.强制,迫使
professional15 a.职业的,专业的,专门的;n.专家,专业人员
profile1 n.①侧面(像);②轮廓,外形;③人物简介;④态度,姿态
prompt2 a.敏捷的,迅速的,即刻的;v.激起,促进,推动
quit2 v.①离开,退出;②停止,放弃,辞职
reality10 n.①现实,实际;②真实
reason26 n.①理由,原因;②理性,理智;v.①推论,推理;②说服,评理;③讨论,辩论
recognition1 n.①认出,辨认;②承认
recycle1 v.使再循环,反复应用;n.再循环,再生,重复利用
result37 n.结果,成果,成绩;v.①(in)导致,结果是;②(from)起因于,因...而造成
reward3 n.(for)报酬,赏金,奖赏;v.①(for)酬劳,奖赏;②酬谢,报答,奖酬
risk14 v.冒...的危险;n.风险,危险
simplicity2 n.①简单,简易;②朴素;③直率,单纯
simplify2 v.简化,使单纯
social38 a.①社会的;②社交的,交际的;n.社交活动
status5 n.①地位,身份;②情形,状况
strain1 n.①负担;②紧张;v.①扭伤;②拉紧
stress9 n.①压力,应力;②重音;v.强调,着重
thrift1 n.节俭,节约
transform5 v.①改变,变换;②变压;③转化;④改造
trend12 n.倾向,趋势;v.伸向,倾向
urge3 v.①催促,力劝;②强烈希望;③鼓励,促进;n.强烈欲望,迫切要求
voluntary1 a.自愿的,志愿的
writer10 n.作者,作家
according47 ad.依照,根据
adventurous1 a.喜欢冒险的,敢做敢为的
advocate13 n.提倡者,鼓吹者;v.提倡,鼓吹
bestselling1 a.畅销的
consumerism1 n.消费主义
downshift5 v.①(汽车等)调低速档;②(引申义)降低生活节奏
downshifter1 n.过俭朴生活的人,放慢生活节奏的人
downsize2 vt.缩小尺寸,减小规模
editorship1 n.编辑或主笔地位,编辑
ironically1 ad.说反话地,讽刺地
juggle3 v.①玩杂耍;②尽力同时应付(两种以上工作或活动)
lifestyle3 n.生活方式
materialistic1 a.唯物论的,唯物主义的
mythical1 a.神话的,虚构的
newsletter2 n.业务通讯
passionate1 a.热情的,激昂的
publicize1 v.宣扬
reaction4 n.反应,反作用
redundancy2 n.冗余,过剩
relatively4 ad.相关地
resignation1 n.辞职,放弃
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发表于 2016-8-15 23:03:20 | 显示全部楼层
难句1
A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family."
[结构分析]
1. 本句句子主干是:A lateral move ... prompted me to ...;
2. move后面是that引导的定语从句,修饰a lateral move,that在从句作主语;
3. 第一个逗号后面的是状语成分,两个逗号之间的部分是插入语;
[本句难点]从句结构复杂,包含定语从句和长状语成分,且包含插入语;
[方法对策]首先找出主句和从句的主干结构,然后再分析其他结构成分;
[例句精译]一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心,并阻断了我的事业发展,这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业,当然,就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样,我也掩饰说"我想多陪陪家人"。
难句2
I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of " have it all ", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
[结构分析]
1. 本句主干结构是:I have been transformed from a passionate advocate ... into a woman...;
2. 两个逗号之间的部分补充说明the philosophy of " have it all ",可以看作是插入语;
3. woman后面的who引导定语从句,修饰woman,who在从句中作主语;
[本句难点]句子主干包含一个transform from ... into ... 的结构,并且本句还包含插入语和定语从句;
[方法对策]首先找出主句的主干结构,找出from ... into ... 结构,再分析其他成分;
[例句精译]我现在已变成了很容易心满意足的女人,而以前我却曾是"拥有一切,各方面都要争强"这一哲学的狂热拥护者。(该哲学是林达·凯尔茜女士过去七年中在《她》这本杂志里拼命鼓吹的。)
难句3
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
[结构分析]
1. 本句主干结构是:I have discovered ... + that引导的宾语从句;
2. as引导的句子是伴随状语,可以看作是插入语;
3. 在that引导的宾语从句中,主语是两个动名词短语:abandoning ... and making ...,谓语是brings;
[本句难点]主要是句子结构复杂;
[方法对策]首先找出主句主干,然后分析宾语从句以及其他修饰成分;
[例句精译]我已经发现(由于压力过大,凯尔茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务,在这之后她也许会同样发现):放弃"忙忙碌碌"的生活哲学,转而过一种"放慢生活节奏"的生活所带来的回报,比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。
难句4
Downshifting-also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti consumerism.
[结构分析]
1. 本句主干结构是:Downshifting ... has ... bred a new area...;
2. 两个破折号之间的部分是插入语,是对downshifting的进一步说明;
[本句难点]插入语的影响;部分生词的影响;
[方法对策]downshifting:本来指开车时减档减速,这里比喻指放慢生活节奏;anti-consumerism:反消费主义;
[例句精译]具有讽刺意味的是,"放慢生活节奏"(在美国也称"自愿简单化")甚至孕育了一个崭新的、可称之为反消费主义的生活方式。
难句5
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the  80s, downshifting in the mid 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.
[结构分析]
1. 本句主干结构为:... downshifting ... is not ... ;
2. 第一个逗号之前为状语成分,其中包含一个who引导的定语从句修饰the women of my generation;
3. 两个破折号之间是对the mythical good life的进一步说明,也是插入语;
4.本句包含一个词组结构:not so much A as B:与其说是A,不如说是B;
[本句难点]句子结构和从句关系都复杂;
[方法对策]首先找出句子的主干结构,然后再分析其他成分,注意其中的词组结构:not so much ... as ... 的用法;
[例句精译]对我们这一代女性来说,整个80年代我们曾被迫忙碌地生活,90年代中期的简化生活与其说是寻求神话般的好生活--自己种有机蔬菜并试图把自己也变成这样--倒不如说我们都认识了自身的局限。
67. [答案] B
[解析]在美国这个竞争达到白热化的社会中,每个人都被迫为了生存而忙忙碌碌。作者无意中放慢了生活节奏,就像开车人换了"低档",却发现了一个像陶渊明讲的"采菊东篱下,悠然见南山"那样的"世外桃源"。A.全职工作是一种新的"国际潮流"吗?文章没讲,倒是辞职成了"国际潮流"。C.作者辞职是想"多陪陪家人"吗?不,这只是她辞职的借口,真正原因是调动但却没有升级,既然"平级调动",那干嘛要调呢,太没有面子了吧?!所以选B。至于C."平级调动"就意味着要辞职吗?那不一定,平级调动不一定要辞职。所以,照抄原文的,小心是陷阱!
68.[答案] B
[解析]D的观点与文章相矛盾,C不与生活节奏的"换低档"成因果关系。至于A则没提:辞职和放慢生活节奏一开始并不是为了"使她能够实现自己的梦想"而是迫于形势。反而是辞职后尝到了甜头,使她对生活重新有了看法,所以选B。
69.[答案] C
[解析]词汇题,从第三段看上、下文可知"juggling one's life"是凯尔茜所宣扬的"doctrine",并且与生活的"down shifting"相反,所以"juggling one's life"是指那种:"每天12个小时的工作日,压得人喘不过气来的最后期限......"。与A、B、D的意思都相矛盾,故选C。
70.[答案] D
[解析]问题:"down shifting"在美国是因何引起的?原文讲"在美国",它是由"经济衰落"引起的(没有工作,上不了班,只好放慢节奏,让生活"换低档"),而在英国则不同,是人们的一种追求。至于A、B、C,人们不仅不会"换低档",反而可能更紧张地工作"换高档"。
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发表于 2016-8-15 23:40:37 | 显示全部楼层
当我决定辞去自己的全职工作时决没有想到,自己竟成了一种新的国际性潮流的一分子。一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心,并阻断了我的事业发展,这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业,当然,就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样,我也掩饰说"我想多陪陪家人"。
奇怪的是,大约两年半的时间我写完两部小说后,我这个被美国人称为"换低档"的试验,却使我老掉牙的借口变成了现实。我现在已变成了很容易心满意足的女人,而以前我却曾是"拥有一切,各方面都要争强"这一哲学的狂热拥护者。(该哲学是林达·凯尔茜女士过去七年中在《她》这本杂志里拼命鼓吹的。)
我已经发现(由于压力过大,凯尔茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务,在这之后她也许会同样发现):放弃"忙忙碌碌"的生活哲学,转而过一种"放慢生活节奏"的生活所带来的回报,比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。现在什么也说服不了我回到过去那种凯尔茜所宣扬的、我也曾自得其乐的生活中去:每天12小时的工作日,压得人喘不过气来的最后期限,可怕而紧张的办公室的争权夺利,为人父、母的"最佳时间"的限制。
在美国,摆脱忙碌,转而过一种简单、不大物质化的生活已成明确趋势。具有讽刺意味的是,"放慢生活节奏"(在美国也称"自愿简单化")甚至孕育了一个崭新的、可称之为反消费主义的生活方式。对于那些想过简单生活的人来说,有许多很畅销的帮你轻松生活的自助书籍;有各种简讯,例如省钱简报,会给美国人提供成千上万条有用的点子去做事,从回收保鲜膜到自制肥皂;甚至还有一些互助小组,帮人按90年代中期脱离传统社会的人的生活方式去生活。
在美国,这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应(出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模导致大规模裁员之后,目前这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联),然而在英国,至少在我所认识的中产阶级的朋友"换低档者"之间,生活简单化的理由却是不同的。
对我们这一代女性来说,整个80年代我们曾被迫忙碌地生活,90年代中期的简化生活与其说是寻求神话般的好生活--自己种有机蔬菜并试图把自己也变成这样--倒不如说我们都认识了自身的局限。
67. 根据第一段,下面哪项说法正确?
[A] 全职工作是一种新的国际潮流。
[B] 作者因环境被迫辞去工作。
[C] "平级调动"意味着要辞去全职工作。
[D] 作者仅仅是非常想多花一些时间与家人在一起。
68. 作者的尝试表明:放慢生活节奏。
[A] 使她能够实现自己的梦想
[B] 帮助她形成了新的人生观
[C] 促使她放弃了较高的社会地位
[D] 导致她接受《她》杂志的观念
69. "Juggling one's life"可能指的是过一种具有特征的生活。
[A] 非实物主义生活方式
[B] 很容易满足
[C] 极度紧张
[D] 反消费主义
70. 根据本文,美国出现放慢生活节奏的原因是。
[A] 快节奏的现代生活
[B] 人们的冒险精神
[C] 人们对神话般经历追求
[D] 经济形势
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