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发表于 2016-8-15 23:44:02
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(二)大作文
1.题型特点
1) 类型:1991~1996——给出提纲或开头句的命题写作;1997~2005——给出提纲的图画或图表写作。
2)选题:当前社会的热点和焦点问题,如孩子教育、吸烟酗酒、犯罪吸毒等。
3)体裁:议论为主,说明为辅。
2.考生现状
2004年的500份考卷抽样分析的结果是:好(17分以上)约为12%;较好(15分左右)为约30%;差(10分以下)约为35%;很差(少于8分)约为 23%。
3.题材类型
历年考题题材类型可分为标题作文、提纲作文、图表作文、规定情景式作文及综合型作文等。
1)主题句作文
主句作文也称为段首句作文,要求考生在每段所给主题句基础上加以扩展,完成段落,再由段落组成文章。主题句作文是目前较常用的一种出题方式,它不像一般正规文章那样要求具有开头段和结尾段,一般只给出三句主题句,所以属于一种简单的三段式作文。
2)提纲式作文
提纲式作文为考生提供了题目与一个简单的写作提纲,将考生的写作控制在一定范畴。它要求考生紧扣题目主题,并根据提纲提示的思路和要点展开段落。由于提供的写作提纲一般也为三段,所以考生也可以按照三段式作文将简单的提纲展为主题句,再按照主题句作文的写作方法将文章写成。
3)图表式作文
图表式作文可综合提供题目、数据、图像、提纲,形式多样,是一种控制性和应用性更强的作文的出题方式,从写作类型来看,基本上属于说明文。考生要围绕题目并将有关信息转化为文字形式,这要求考生具有一定数据分析和材料归纳的能力,同时运用一定的写作方法。考研试题一般以三段式写作方法来组织文章,第一段总结归纳信息反映的总的情况,点出主题思想,第二段回答第一段所得出的问题,对数字、数据等信息作出有条理的分析比较,第三段作出总结或给以简单评论。
4)规定情景式作文
情景式作文也是一种控制作文出题方式,它一般不给标题,但规定了具体的情景,考生须从情景信息中找到所写文章的中心思想,在此基础上确定文章的标题和段落结构。在写作过程中,考生应按照情景中规定的范围和条件结合自己的经验和知识来休会、想象和发展段落,但不能脱离情景自由发挥。要注意文章的发展必须合乎逻辑情理,段落之间的衔接要连贯和自然。
4.2005年大作文真题
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)

The cartoon is a miniature which vividly depicts the deteriorating relationship between the old father and his four children: the eldest son kicks out the father, who consequently huddles up into a ball, while in the meantime, the other children are prepared in sad earnest to ward him off.
The picture is thought-provoking, and very instructive, in fact. It illustrates is a common social phenomenon – many grown-up children refuse and even try every means possible to support their aging or invalid parents. According to Chinese culture, filial piety has all along been a virtue long cherished by Chinese nation, yet in recent years, our society has more or less changed into a money-oriented one, which is mainly responsible for the degradation of the current social morals. The young generations become so self-centered that most of them care for nobody but themselves; their parents are often left alone, sometimes reduced to utter poverty, and what’s even worse, they are very likely to live and die in loneliness in their aging years.
However, we owe so much to our parents, not only biologically but economically as well. It is an inexcusable evil for us to shirk the responsibility of supporting our parents when time is due. Now is the time for us to reflect on our current value and pay back our parents’ bestowal on us.
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