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2009考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解(27)

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发表于 2016-8-15 21:48:57 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
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The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil importing emerging economies-to which heavy industry has shifted-have become more energy intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.
51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is .
[A] global inflation
[B] reduction in supply
[C] fast growth in economy
[D] Iraq's suspension of exports
52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if .
[A] price of crude rises
[B] commodity prices rise
[C] consumption rises
[D] oil taxes rise
53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries .
[A] heavy industry becomes more energy intensive
[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices
[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed
[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP
54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that
[A] oilprice shocks are less shocking now.
[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil price shocks.
[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.
[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.
55. From the text we can see that the writer seems .
[A] optimistic
[B] sensitive
[C] gloomy
[D] scared
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发表于 2016-8-15 23:14:45 | 显示全部楼层
核心词汇:
commodity n.(pl.)日用品;商品;农/矿产品;有用之物(com共同+mod+ity名词后缀→有共同模式的东西→商品)
consequence n.结果,后果,影响;重要性(con共同+sequ+ence名词后缀→随之而来的全部东西→后果)
conservation n.保存,保护,保守;守恒,不灭(conserve+ation名词后缀→保存)
consumption n.消费(量),消耗(consum+ption名词后缀)
decline v.下降,衰落;拒绝n.下降;斜面,倾斜,衰落(de向下+cline倾斜,斜坡→倾斜;衰退)
doom n.厄运,劫数v.注定,命定
estimate n./v.估计,估价;评估
excess a.过量的,额外的n.过量;过剩;超额;无节制(ex出+cess→走出,超出→过剩)
GDP(国民生产总值)即Gross Domestic Product
gloom n.阴暗,阴沉(gl  光+oom隐约出现→隐隐不明的光)
doom n.厄运v.注定
hemisphere n.半球(hemi+sphere球→半球)
index n.(pl.indexes,indices)索引v.附以索引
inflation n.充气;通货膨胀(in进+flat吹+ion名词后缀→吹气进去→充气;通货膨胀)
intensive a.加强的,集中的,深入细致的,精耕细作的(inten+sive形容词后缀)
mobile a.移动的,可移动的; 变化的(mob动+ile形容词后缀→活动的)
mute a.哑的,缄默的n.弱音器v.减弱......的声音
OPEC(石油输出国组织)即Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
portion n.一部分,一份(port+ion名词后缀→一部分)
pump n.泵v.用(泵)抽(水);打气,泵送
quadruple a.四倍的;使成四倍n.四倍(quadru+ple),quadru前缀"四"(=quarter),ple词根"折叠",complicated所含的词根plic也是"折叠"的意思
retail n.零售(re再+tail→再剪,再分割一次→零售)
severe a.严厉的;剧烈的;严重的;严峻的;艰难的(sever诚恳+e→严肃的;严厉的)
significant a.有意义的;重大的,重要的(sign标志+i+fic+ant形容词后缀→做出的有标志性的→意义重大的)
squeeze v.压榨,挤n.榨取,勒索
suspend v.悬(浮),挂;暂停,取消;推迟(sus在......下面+pend→挂在下面→悬吊,引申为中止)
triple n.三倍数a.三倍的;三部分构成的v.使成三倍(tri+ple=ply表示增加→三倍的)
难句分析:
难句1
Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short time.
[分析]此句是一个含有插入成分的单句。主语是Strengthening economic growth,谓语是could push,插入成分是一个时间状语。
[译文]强劲的经济增长势头,随着北半球冬季的到来,有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。
难句2
The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.
[分析]此句主干是"The OECD estimates... that...",其宾语部分,包含有一个条件状语if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998,而主句是后面的部分,其中的主语this指代的是if条件句。
[译文]国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计,如果油价持续一年维持在22美元左右,与1998年的13美元一桶相比,这也只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%~0.5%。
难句3
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand.
[分析]此句主干是"One more reason is that..."。比较复杂的是其以that引导的表语从句,它的主语是it,指代的是the rise in oil prices。
[译文]我们不用担心价格上涨的另外一个原因是,与20世纪70年代不同,这次油价上升不是发生在普遍的物价暴涨及全球需求过旺背景之下。
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发表于 2016-8-15 23:23:22 | 显示全部楼层
文章类型:时文--文社会科学--经济学
本文主题围绕油价上涨对世界经济产生的影响展开论述
试题解析:
51. 最近的油价上涨的主要原因是
[A] 全球性通货膨胀。
[B] 石油供应减少。
[C] 经济方面的快速增长。
[D] 伊拉克暂停石油出口。
细节事实题【正确答案】[B]
定位在第一段的第二句话,"Since OPEC agreed to supply cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December."所以选择[B]项。
52. 根据本文,可以推知汽油的零售价会大幅上涨,如果
[A] 原油价格上涨。
[B] 商品价格上涨。
[C] 消费增加。
[D] 油税上涨。
推理题【正确答案】[D]
解题关键在于第三段的第三句话"In Europe, taxes account for up to four fifths of the retail price,so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past."意思是说:在欧洲,汽油的零售价中税占到五分之四,因此税的增加会导致汽油价格的(成比例)猛涨,而原油价格的变化带来的影响不会很大。
53. 《经济展望》杂志的估计表明,在富裕国家
[A] 重工业更加能源密集化。
[B] 收入损失主要起因于原油价格的波动。
[C] 制造业已经受到严重打击。
[D] 油价的波动对国内生产总值没有重要影响。
细节事实题【正确答案】 [D]
解题关键在于第四段中的这句话"The OECD estimates in its latest Economic outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%-0.5% of GDP." 所有选择[D]项。
54. 根据本文,我们可以得出这样的结论
[A] 油价冲击现在没有那么令人震惊了。
[B] 通货膨胀似乎与油价的冲击没有关系。
[C] 节约能源可以控制油价。
[D] 原油价格的上涨导致重工业的萎缩。
推理题【正确答案】 [A]
定位在全文的最后一段,此段强调这次油价上涨与20世纪70年代的上涨不同,也就是没有70年代的那一次那么可怕。
55. 根据本文,我们可以看出,作者似乎
[A] 乐观。
[B] 敏感。
[C] 忧郁。
[D] 害怕。
态度题【正确答案】[A]
本题答题依据贯穿全文,尤其是第三段和最后一段的第一句话,强调人们不必担心此次油价上涨,因为这一次的情况与20世纪70年代不同。
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发表于 2016-8-16 00:48:59 | 显示全部楼层
全文精译:
昔日经济衰落的日子会不会重来?自从石油输出国组织在3月决定减少原油供应,原油的价格便从去年12月的不到10美元一桶上升到约26美元一桶。这次近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年和19791980年两次可怕的石油恐慌,当时的油价分别涨了4倍和近3倍。那两次都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球性的经济萧条。那么这次会不会还有阴暗的灾难性的影响呢?
第一段:提出本文的议题:昔日的经济衰退日子又要回来了吗?
本周伊拉克暂停石油出口,这使油价又一次上扬。强劲的经济增长势头,随着北半球冬季的到来,有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。
第二段:进一步描述这种担忧并且分析其产生的原因。
然而,我们有充分的理由预期这次油价暴涨给经济带来的影响不会像20世纪70年代那么严重。与70年代相比,现在多数国家的原油价格占汽油价格的份额要小很多。在欧洲,税金在汽油零售价的比例高达4/5,因此,即使原油价格发生很大的波动,汽油价格所受的影响也不会像过去那么显著。
第三段:指出有充分理由相信70年代的经济衰退不会发生。
富裕国家对石油的依赖性也不如从前,因此对油价的波动也就不会那么敏感。能源储备、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的降低,都减少了石油消耗量。软件、咨询及移动通讯消耗的石油,比钢铁、汽车行业少得多。发达国家国民生产总值中每一个美元(以可比价格计算)所消耗的石油量比1973年少了近一半。国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计,如果油价持续一年维持在22美元左右,与1998年的13美元一桶相比,这也只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%~0.5%。这还不到1974年或1980年收入减少部分的1/4。另一方面,进口石油的新兴国家由于转向了重工业,消耗能量更大,因此可能会受到石油危机的强烈影响。
我们不用担心价格上涨的另外一个原因是,与20世纪70年代不同,这次油价上升不是发生在普遍的物价暴涨及全球需求过旺背景之下。世界上很多地区才刚刚走出经济衰落。《经济学家》的商品价格指数与一年前相比,总的来说也没有什么变化。1973年的商品价格跃升了70%,而1979年也上升了近30%。
最后两段:说明不会发生经济衰退的两个理由,解答开头提出的问题。
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