2016考研：翻译硕士笔译常用词汇（国情）

考研网

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        acculturated worker 接受了新文化的工人
        aged poor relief 贫老救济
        amelioration of poverty 改良贫困状况
        ant tribe 蚁族
        baby boom 婴儿潮
        baby break 停职育婴期
        baby bust 生育低谷(期)
        bingo part or game (为了很快地认识来参加聚会的人们而设计的)配对游戏
        black ball 秘密反对票
        black power 黑人人权(运动)
        bottom dregs 社会渣滓
        career exploration (六至十年级学生)就业教育
        car pool 拼车
        certificate of naturalization 入籍证明
        charity visitor 慈善事业观察员
        child benefit (英国的)儿童津贴
        civic responsibilities 公民责任
        community automatic exchange 乡村自动电话局
        community charge (英国的)人头税
        community chest 社会福利基金
        community consumption function 社会消费函数
        community coordinated child care 社会联合儿童监护站
        concurrent resolution (美国国会两院)共同决议
        corrupt administration 腐败的行政管理
        December-May marriage “老夫少妻”式婚姻
        demographic factors 人口因素
        diminishing return 报酬渐减
        dink family 丁克家庭
        dire poverty 赤贫
        displaced person 流离失所者
        division of labour 分工
        dog packs 狗仔队
        drug smuggling 毒品走私
        dwelling narrowness 蜗居
        e-government; e-administration 电子政务
        empty-nest syndrome 空巢孤独综合症
        enhance the sense of urgency 增强忧患意识
        fiscal conservatism 财政保守主义
        flash mob 快闪族
        fraternity and sorority 兄弟会，姐妹会
        gender equality 性别平等
        Golden Age 黄金时代;太平盛世
        guaranteed annual income 保障年度收
        happiness index 幸福指数
        house-husband 家庭妇男
        indoors man/woman 宅男/宅女
        interborough rapid transit (IRT) 城区间快递交通
        ironclad labor protection 铁饭碗
        job commuting 通勤
        job release scheme 顶职办法
        juvenile justice system 少年司法制度
        law-abiding citizen 守法公民
        logistics park 物流园区
        loosely-bound family 松散的家庭观
        low-rent housing 廉租房
        luggage screening 行李检查
        menial activity 粗活
        merit pay 绩效工资
        metropolitan area population 大城市人口
        metropolitan station 都市之声
        middle- and low-income urban residents 中低收入城市居民
        minimum earner 处于最低生活保障线上的人
        minimum subsistence level 最低生活保障线
        natural monopoly 自然垄断
        occupational tacit violence 职场暴力
        officially bilingual 官方使用双语制
        on alternate days (实行)单双号(通行)
        patriotic sentiment 爱国情操
        poverty line 贫困线
        premarital pregnancy 未婚先孕
        premarriage cohabitation 婚前同居
        preprofessional training 职前培训
        pro-euthanasia campaign 赞成安乐死合法化运动
        promote communal activity 促进公共活动
        publicize budget 公开预算
        quality time (和孩子一同生活的)时光
        reach self-sufficiency 达到自给自足
        resource-effective society 资源节约型社会

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         safety-net program 安全保障计划
        sandwich man 挂广告牌的人
        severance package 离职补偿
        sexual harassment 性骚扰
        sexual orientation 性倾向
        shotgun marriage/wedding 奉子成婚
        social acceptability 社会心理承受力
        social evolution 社会演变
        social security expenditure 社会保障支出
        social security privatization 社会保障私有化
        social weakening 社会惰性
        social worker 社会工作者
        status statistics 有关居民阶级构成的统计资料
        surplus labor 剩余劳动力
        surrogate birth 代孕
        tax evasion 偷税漏税
        tough policy 强硬政策
        tracking survey 跟踪调查
        trial marriage 试婚
        walking commuter 走班族
        yard sale 庭院旧货出售
        zero-sum game 零和博弈
        Migrants exert positive effects on city construction.移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。
        Women working full-time earn about 72% of men’s wages for comparable jobs, a percentage that would be even lower had men’s earnings not declined.
        一个全职女性的收入，只相当于从事类似工作男性工资的72%。若不是现在男性的收入有所下降的话，这一比例还要低。
        The report takes a closer look at those who live together before marriage, including race, ethnicity, education level, and upbringing.
        报告对婚前同居进行了更仔细深入的调查，包括他们的种族和民族，社会教育和家庭情况。
        The baby-boom generation has entered its 50s and over the next few years will be retiring in large numbers.
        生育高峰期出生的一代已经年过半百，他们中的大部分人过不了几年将会退休。
        More and more of our savings are institutionalized rather than individualized.
        我们的储蓄越来越多地由个人手里转入各种组织的控制中。
        Multicultural America has always been adept at adapting and combining the cultural traditions imported by its immigrants.
        多元文化的美国向来容纳外来移民带来的文化传统。
        Relatively young children are included in family decisions.
        孩子很小就参与家庭决策。
        Americans tend to associate the greatness of their nation far more with such values as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and competition than with national cooperation.
        美国人往往会认为国家的强大更多地源于个人自由、机会均等、勤奋努力、竞争取胜等价值观念而不是源于举国合作。
        Federal money is granted to state and local governments to support social welfare programs.
        联邦资金补给州和地方政府以支持社会福利项目。
        Financial departments at all levels are required to publicize their budgets, so the public and media can better supervise spending.
        各级财政部门都需要试行预算公开，以便让公众和媒体可以更好的对财政支出进行监督。
        户口 registered permanent residence
        民生 people’s wellbeing
        团购 group buying
        乡长 township head
        城管 urban management officers
        恶搞 video spoof
        房奴 mortgage slave
        黑车 unlicensed cab
        毕婚族 marry-upon-graduation
        安家费 settling-in allowance
        代排族 hired queuers
        短租房 short-term housing/accommodation
        二手房 pre-owned house; second-hand house
        封口费 hush money
        个体户 the self-employed
        公务车 state-financed vehicle
        公务员 civil/public servant
        假文凭 fake diplomas
        开瓶费 corkage fee
        两限房 house of two limits; house with limited price and habitable area
        廉租房 low-rent housing
        农民工 migrant worker
        农业税 agricultural tax
        泡网吧 hit the Internet bar
        双休日 two-day weekend
        双职工 working couple

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        群租客 tenant groups
        入住率 occupancy rate
        潜规则 casting couch
        闪跳族 habitual job hopper
        筒子楼 tube-shaped apartment building
        学区房 school-nearby house
        暂住证 temporary residence permit
        安居工程 Comfortable/Affordable Housing Project
        城市补丁 run-down neighborhoods
        低保制度 subsistence security system
        恶性循环 vicious circle
        法治政府 law-based government
        (非法)传销 pyramid schemes; multi-level marketing
        非法收入 illegal earnings; illicit income
        福利彩票 welfare lottery
        改革攻坚 further reform in difficult areas; tackle hard issues in the reform
        改革试点 pilot reform program
        公共参与 public/communal participation
        和谐社会 harmonious society
        黑恶势力 Mafia-like gangs
        基层社区 grassroots community
        减员增效 downsize the staff to improve efficiency
        空巢家庭 empty-nest/childless family
        就业指导 employment guidance
        面子工程 vanity/image project
        民族团结 ethnic unity
        南水北调 South-to-North water diversion
        贫富差距 disparity in wealth distribution
        贫困人口 impoverished people
        权力下放 shift of power to the grassroots; delegate power to the lower levels
        社会结构 social structure
        市政工程 municipal/public works
        数字鸿沟 digital divide
        天灾人祸 natural calamities and man-made misfortunes
        同城待遇 identical treatment
        无偿献血 unpaid blood donation
        五好家庭 Five-Virtues Family
        下岗职工 unemployed workers and staff; laid-off employees
        乡镇企业 township enterprises
        学生减负 reduce students’ study load
        严打斗争 strike-hard operation/campaign to crack down crimes
        总体规划 overall plan
        引进人才 bring in needed personnel
        优抚安置 provide special assistance to entitled groups
        创新型国家 innovation-oriented nation
        低收入家庭 low-income household/family
        服务型政府 service-oriented government
        高层次人才 high-caliber personnel
        高技能人才 highly skilled personnel
        公用互联网 public Internet
        固定电话网 fixed-line telephone network
        简易过渡房 makeshift shelter
        经济适用房 affordable housing
        开放型经济 an open economy
        科学发展观 scientific outlook on development
        人口功能区 functional population zone
        三八红旗手 March 8 Red Flag Bearer
        下基层锻炼 temper oneself in a grassroots unit
        移动通信网 mobile communication network
        自觉排队日 Queuing-up Day
        地方保护主义 regional protectionism
        城市低收入者 low-income city dwellers
        爱国统一战线 patriotic united front
        坚持基本纲领 uphold the basic program
        抗灾救灾工作 efforts to combat disasters and provide relief
        平房改造工程 renovation project of shanty dwellings

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        人事制度改革 reform of personnel system
        社会保障工作 social security work
        社会保障体制 social security system
        社会利益格局 interest of different social groups
        社会信用体系 social credit system
        社会转型时期 period of social transition
        社会组织形式 the way society if organized
        特色优势产业 industries with local advantages
        贴小广告的人 bill sticker
        增强道德观念 enhance one’s moral awareness
        重复建设项目 overlapping/ redundant project
        住房制度改革 reform of housing system
        自主创新能力 capacity for independent innovation
        最低生活保障 subsistence allowance
        农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor
        社会主义荣辱观 Socialist Concept of Honor and Disgrace
        西部大开发战略 western development strategy
        保障和改善民生 ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives
        粗放性增长方式 extensive mode of growth; inefficient model of growth
        城乡社会救助体系 urban and rural emergency aid system
        留守女士/留守男士 grass widow/widower
        农村合作医疗制度 system of rural cooperative medical care
        城乡公共就业与服务 urban and rural systems for providing public employment services
        加强和改善宏观调控 improve macro control
        社会主义核心价值观 core socialist values
        《国家发展规划纲要》 Outline of the National Development Program
        (农村)劳动力转移就业 (rural workers) find work in nonagricultural sectors
        城镇职工基本养老保险制度 basic old-age insurance system for urban workers
        中国执行改革开放政策，争取在五十年内发展起来。
        China, by pursuing the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, is striving to become developed within 50 years.
        就我们中国来讲，首先要摆脱贫穷。要摆脱贫穷，就要找出一条较快的发展道路。
        For China, the first thing is to shake off poverty. To do that, we have to find a way to develop rapidly.
        中国人多、底子薄，发展很不平衡，人均国内生产总值还处于世界后列。
        We have a huge population, a weak economic foundation and uneven development, our per capita GDP ranks fairly low among the countries in the world.
        中国拥有世界上最多的人口，农业人口也是世界第一。
        China, with the largest population in the world, also ranks first in agricultural population.
        尽管水资源匮乏，耕地面积只占世界的7%，但中国得养活全世界四分之一的人口。
        In spite of water shortages and with just 7 percent of the arable land on earth, China has to feed a quarter of the world’s population.
        如果非常概括地评价一下我国的贫富差距情况，那就是我国经济差距的上升速度过快了一些。
        A very rough study of disparities in China’s wealth will show that they accelerate too fast.
        在短短的20年时间里，我国已经从平均主义盛行的国家，转变为超过了国际上中等不平等程度的国家。
        China has transferred from a country where economic equilibrium prevailed to one that exceeds the medium level of imbalance in wealth distribution n the world in a matter of only two decades.
        我国民众的生活水平有了较大的提高，这就是最大的上升流动。
        The living standards of the people have registered a remarkable elevation. This is the upward movement in the broadest sense of the world.
        在中国，以公有制为主体，各种经济成分共同发展的局面已经形成。
        In China, a pattern with the public sector remaining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side has taken shape.
        农民的生活水平不断提高，大部分农民已解决了温饱问题，不少农民已过上小康生活。
        The living standards of farmers have kept rising. Most of them have enough food and clothing and quite a few are leading a moderately prosperous life.
        香港回归祖国，标志着“一国两制”构想的巨大成功。
        Hong Kong’s return to the motherland marks the great success of the concept of “one country, two systems.”
        二十年多来，中国经济体制改革不断深化，综合国力明显增强，对外经贸合作日益扩大。
        Over the past two decades and more, China has deepened the reform of its economic system, notably increased its overall national strength and steadily expanded its foreign economic cooperation and trade.
        中国地处东亚，幅员辽阔，人口众多，历史悠久。
        China is an East Asian country with a large territory, a huge population and a long history.
        中国从生产力到生产关系、从经济基础到上层建筑都发生了意义深远的重要变化。
        China has experienced far-reaching changes in the productive forces and the relations of production, as well as in the economic base and the superstructure.
        人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾是中国社会面临的主要社会矛盾。
        A principal challenge to Chinese society’s is the gap between the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and the backward production.
        中国人口已超过13亿，约占世界人口的20%.
        Our 1.3 billion people account for about one-fifth of the world’s population.
        中国的资源禀赋并不理想。
        China is not endowed with sufficient resources.
        全面实现农村免费义务教育，这是我国教育发展史上的重要里程碑。
        Free compulsory education made available to all rural students marks an important milestone in the history of the development of China’s education.
        过去五年是改革开放和全面建设小康社会取得重大进展的五年，是社会生产力和综合国力显著增强的五年。
        During the past five years, great strides were made in carrying our reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved.