2009年全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析

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　　距离2014年硕士研究生考试还有不到50天的时间，在考试报名现场确认后，同学们都回归到自己的课本上继续浴血奋战全面冲刺，太奇考研英语辅导专家王瑾老师认为，在本阶段同学们不要一味的只做模拟题要结合近10年的历年真题来进行揣摩，可以说是冲刺收尾阶段历年真题的重要性是不容忽视的。下面是王瑾老师整理的2001年—2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析，希望能帮助同学们成功步入自己理想的院校!
        　　Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10%)
        　　Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.
        　　1. The poor lady was too ___ and distressed to talk about the tragedy.
        　　A. engaged B. exhausted C. ignorant D. energetic
        　　2. At first ___, the famous painting doesn’t impress the audience at all.
        　　A. glance B. gaze C. stare D. view
        　　3. Delegates agree to the plan in ___, but there were some details they didn’t approve.
        　　A. discipline B. theory C. principle D. nature
        　　4. I took the medicine 10 minutes ago, but the bitterness is still in my mouth.
        　　A. scattering B. feeling C. maintaining D. lingering
        　　5. Since the ___ of human history, human beings have been asking questions like “what is the essence of life”.
        　　A. dusk B. dust C. twinkle D. dawn
        　　6. The eldest son ___all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th wedding anniversary of their parent.
        　　A. clustered B. resembled C. assembled D. rendered
        　　7. I must leave now. ___, if you want that book I’ll bring it to you tomorrow.
        　　A. Accidentally B. Incidentally C. Occasionally D. Subsequently
        　　8. My mother is a light sleeper, ___to any sound even as low as the humming of a mosquito.
        　　A. alert B. acute C. keen D. immune
        　　9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and ___workers.
        　　A. consistent B. conscious C. confidential D. independent
        　　10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become ___to the research team.
        　　A. senior B. junior C. indispensable D. independent
        　　11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40 people, ___in their village, were rescued.
        　　A. trapped B. confined C. enclosed D. captured
        　　12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to ___from downtown to his office every day.
        　　A. wander B. commute C. ramble D. motion
        　　13. The finance minister has not been so ___since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.
        　　A. famous B. favorable C. popular D. preferable
        　　14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high ___in the government to behave so badly in public.
        　　A. situation B. position C. profession D. appointment
        　　15. Information given to employees must be___, clear and in easy-to-follow language.
                               

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        　　A. convenient B. continuous C. constant D. concise
        　　16. John was very upset because he was ___by the police with breaking the law.
        　　A. sentenced B. arrested C. accused D. charged
        　　17. David like country life and has decide to___ farming.
        　　A. go in for B. go back on C. go along with D. go through with
        　　18. Jennifer has never really___ her son’s death. It’s very hard to accept the fact that she’ll
        　　Never have a child.
        　　A. come to terms with B. come up against C. come out with D. come down to
        　　19. A national debate is now___ about whether we should replace golden weeks with paid vacations.
        　　A. in the way B. by the way C. under way D. out of the way
        　　20. When a psychologist dose a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people___ and asks them questions.
        　　A. at ease B. at random C. in essence D. in sum
        　　Part II Cloze Test (10%)
        　　Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
        　　In 1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had __21__ the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge __22__ from the dramatic growth of the economies of China and India to widespread __23__ in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have __24__ the economic and political map of the world, __25__ some old notions of power. Oil-rich nation are enjoying historic gain and opportunities, __26__ major importers---including China and India, home to a third of the world’s population---__27__ rising economic and social costs.
        　　Managing this new order is fast becoming a central __28__ of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to __29__ scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, __30__ how unpleasant, to do it.
        　　In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being lost to corruption, __31__ these countries of their best hope for development. And oils fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign government, __32__ some in the West see as a new threat.
        　　Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil __33__, a charge reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, __34__ costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany, __35__ it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia __36__ 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.
        　　In the Unite States, as already high gas prices rose __37__higher in the spring of 2008, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senator McCain and Obama __38__ for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to __39__, as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems __40__ the country reported a sharp increase in riders.
                               

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        　　21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived
        　　22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged
        　　23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability
        　　24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed
        　　25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening
        　　26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though
        　　27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront
        　　28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event
        　　29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off
        　　30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of
        　　31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating
        　　32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom
        　　33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues
        　　34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as
        　　35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As
        　　36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduced D. multiplied
        　　37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly
        　　38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding
        　　39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform
        　　40. A. for B. from C. across D. over
        　　Part III Reading Comprehension (40%)
        　　Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.
        　　Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
        　　Henric Ibsen, author of the play “A Doll’s House”, in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January 1st, 2008 , all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003. But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government’s liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences-which could include being dissolved.
        　　Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board member in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9%for big companies across Europe or America’s 15% for the Fortune 500. Norway’s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. “I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle,” says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. “Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,” he says. Several firms have even given up their status in order to escape the new law.
                               

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        　　Companies have had to recruit about 1000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the “golden skirts”. One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies—They occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with enough experience.
        　　Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. “Women fell more compelled than men to do their homework,” says Ms Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norway’s chair man of the year for 2007, “and we can afford to ask the hard question, because women are not always expected to know the answers.”
        　　41. The author mentions Ibsen’s play in the first paragraph in order to___
        　　A. depict women’s dilemma at woke
        　　B. explain the newly passed law
        　　C. support Norwegian government
        　　D. introduce the topic under discussion
        　　42. A public company that fails to obey the law could be forced to___
        　　A. pay a heavy fine
        　　B. close to a private business
        　　C. change to a private business
        　　D. sign a document promising to act
        　　43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?
        　　A. A set ratio of women in a women in a board is unreasonable
        　　B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set
        　　C. A common principle should be followed by all companies
        　　D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law
        　　44. The author attributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts” to___
        　　A. the small number of qualified females in management
        　　B. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies
        　　C. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions
        　　D. the discrimination toward women in Norwegians business circles
        　　45. The main idea of the passage might be___
        　　A. female power and liberation in Norway
        　　B. the significance of Henric Ibsen’s play
        　　C. women’s status in Norwegian firms
        　　D. the constitution of board members in Norway
        　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
        　　While there’s never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67.children with cancer often sitting side-by-side during treatment with people who could be their grandparent.
                               

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        　　In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she’s discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rate form of cancer that had generated rumors on her liver and lungs.
        　　Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a “full-time healing addict”. Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her personal “cancer posse”: a rock concert tour manager, A model, a fashion” offered support, advice, and fashion tips, among other things.
        　　Ms Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn’t funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her (Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru),and she calls them.
        　　She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. “I refused to let cancer ruin my party.” She writes. “There are just too many cooling things to do and plan and live for.” Ms Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you’re not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor’s “I Will Survive” so loud Your neighbors call the police. Ms Carr also advise an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your life about your illness.” People you tell are going to cautiously and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle,” she writes.
        　　While her advice may sound superficial. It gets to her heart of what every cancer patient wants the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.
        　　46. Which of the following groups is move vulnerable to cancer?
        　　A. Children
        　　B. People in their 20s and 30s
        　　C. Young adults.
        　　D. Elderly people
        　　47. All of the following statement are sure EXCEPT___
        　　A. Kris Carr is female writer.
        　　B. Kris Carr is more than 31-yead-old.
        　　C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.
        　　D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.
        　　48. The phrase “cancer posse”(line 4 Para 3) probably refer to ___
        　　A. a cancer research organization.
        　　B. a group of people who suffer from cancer.
        　　C. people who have recovered from cancer.
        　　D. people who cope with cancer.
        　　49. Kris Carr makes up names for the people who treat her because___
                               

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        　　A. she is depressed and likes swearing.
        　　B. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctors.
        　　C. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctors.
        　　D. she tries to leave a good impression on doctors.
        　　50 From Kris Carr’s, cancer tips we may infer that___
        　　A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancer.
        　　B. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer.
        　　C. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colors.
        　　D. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patients.
        　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
        　　Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by Machiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye’s new book. Mr. Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of America’s National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of “soft power”, based on persuasion and influence, as a counterpoint to “hard power”, based on coercion (强迫) and force.
        　　Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres. Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that “one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved” In short, hard power is preferable to soft power. But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.
        　　The contest of leadership is changing, they observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modem companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies (等级制) are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion, Mr. Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls“ smart power ”, is the best approach.
        　　The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the “transformational leadership pattern”, Anyone allergic (反感) to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr. Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a particular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and contemporary, political and corporate.
        　　Alas, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership — in particular, the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie — and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions A recurring theme is that as circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required; a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.
                               

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        　　51. From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr. Machiavelli's idea of hard power is ______.
        　　A. well accepted by Joseph Nye
        　　B. very influential till nowadays
        　　C. based on sound theories
        　　D. contrary to that of modem leadership theorists
        　　52. Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr. Nye?
        　　A. Coercion is widespread
        　　B. Morality is devalued
        　　C. Power is no longer concentrated
        　　D. Traditional hierarchies are strengthened
        　　53. In his book the Powers to lead, Mr. Nye has examined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____.
        　　A. authority
        　　B. context
        　　C. approaches
        　　D. morality
        　　54. Mr. Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____.
        　　A. makes little use of management terms
        　　B. summarizes various studies concisely
        　　C. serves as an exit for leadership researchers
        　　D. sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders
        　　55. According to the author, the most interesting part of Mr. Nye's book lies in his _____.
        　　A. view of changeable leadership
        　　B. definition of good leadership
        　　C. summary of leadership history
        　　D. discussion of moral leadership
        　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:
        　　Americans don’t like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars — the kind that test patriotism and courage — and those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If Americans indulge in a bit of flag-waving when the job is done, they earned it.
        　　Now there is a similar challenge: global warming. The steady deterioration (恶心) of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed, if America is fighting at all, it’s fighting on the wrong side, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world’s greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn’t intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It’s hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country’s coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy.
        　　The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there’s far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its plans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to naive wish lists that could weaken America’s growth. But let’s assume that those interested parties and others will always be at the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like — one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?
                               

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        　　Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 years. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes short-term solutions with far-sighted goals, combines government activism with private-sector enterprise and blends pragmatism (实用主义) with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what’s needed most is will. “I’m not saying the challenge isn’t almost overwhelming,” says Fred Krupp. “But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before. ”
        　　56. What does the passage mainly discuss?
        　　A. Human wars.
        　　B. Economic crisis.
        　　C. America’s environmental policies.
        　　D. Global environment in general.
        　　57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country’s coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is .
        　　A. of utmost importance
        　　B. a fight no one can win
        　　C. beyond people’s imagination
        　　D. a less significant issue
        　　58. Judging from the contest, the word “rub” (line 1, Para.3 )
        　　A. friction
        　　B. contradiction
        　　C. conflict
        　　D. problem
        　　59. What is the author’s attitude toward America’s policies on global warming?
        　　A. Critical
        　　B. Indifferent
        　　C. Supportive
        　　D. Compromising
        　　60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with .
        　　A. the new book written by Fred Krupp
        　　B. how America can fight against global warming
        　　C. the harmful effects of global warming
        　　D. how America can tide over economic crisis
        　　Part IV English-Chinese Translation (20%)
        　　Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.
        　　With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.
        　　Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.
        　　Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.
                               

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        　　Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.
        　　Part V Writing (20%)
        　　Direction: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2.
        　　At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important role in our lives. We are all aware that, like everything else, short message have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.
        　　Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience. In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, people’s life will be greatly enriched.
        　　But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored. We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers’ short messages one after another.
        　　As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinion, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it disturb us from our lives.
        [b]