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发表于 2016-8-9 08:48:39
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朱泰祺教授详解：《2014 年考研英语(一)试题》
Section 1 Use of English
Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of' an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .
Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.
Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .
The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps _ 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback __17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing – much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. (281 words)
Words and Expressions: hit vt. 到达。mental adj. 心理的，精神的，智力的。clarity [ ] n. 清楚，清晰。acquaintance[ ] n. 熟人。band n. 乐队。refer to … as … 把…称作…。innocent [ ] adj. 无辜的;无害的。neuroscientist [ ] n. 神经科学家。turn out 原来，其实。cognitive [ ] adj. 认知性的。to a certain extent 在某种程度上。inherit [ ] vt. 继承。regain [ ] vt. 重新获得，恢复。keep track of 及时了解…的动态，洞察。modify [ ] vt. 改变。routine [ ] n. 常规，通常做法。put on 增加(体重、肌肉、价钱、速度等)。much like [美国口语](=much as) conj. 犹如。
1. [A] where [B] when [C] that [D] why
2. [A] improves [B] fades [C] recovers [D] collapses
3. [A] If [B] Unless [C] Once [D]While
4. [A] uneven [B] limited [C] damaging [D] obscure
5. [A] wellbeing [B] environment [C] relationship [D] outlook
6. [A] turns [B] finds [C] points [D]figures
7. [A] roundabouts [B] responses [C] workouts [D] associations
8. [A] genre [B] functions [C] circumstances [D] criterion
9. [A] channel [B] condition [C] sequence [D] process
10. [A] persist [B] believe [C] excel [D] feature
11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However
12. [A] according to [B] regardless of [C] apart from [D] instead of
13. [A] back [B] further [C] aside [D] around
14. [A] sharpness [B] stability [C] framework [D] flexibility
15. [A] forces [B] reminds [C] hurries [D] allows
16. [A] hold [B] track [C] order [D] pace
17. [A] to [B] with [C] for [D] on
18. [A] irregularly [B] habitually [C] constantly [D] unusually
19. [A] carry [B] put [C] build [D] take
20. [A] risky [B] effective [C] idle [D] familiar
试题解析
完形填空的解题技巧是：把握主题、抓住上下文的逻辑关系、瞻前顾后、各个击破，最后统观全文、查错补漏。
1. [A] 词义搭配。本文第1句是全文主题句(Topic Sentence)，它指出，“人到中年，许多人开始注意到，他们的记忆力和思维的清晰度都不如过去。”接着写道：“我们突然想不起刚才把钥匙放在哪里，…”故应选[A] where。
2. [B] 词义搭配。从上文看，此处在讲人到中年脑力衰退及由其产生的不良影响。故空格2应填[B] fades “衰退”才符合上下文的逻辑和语义需要。[A] improves“改善”、[C] recovers“恢复”和[D] collapses“崩溃”均与上下文句意不合。
3. [D] 逻辑搭配。从本句上下文看，前半句具有让步意义，后半句表示转折。故应选[D] while“尽管”。
4. [C] 词义搭配。从上文看，此处在讲这种智力的模糊对我们职业的、社交的和个人的幸福所产生的极为有害的影响。可见，[C] damaging“有害的”符合此句句意。[A] uneven“不均匀的” 、 [B] limited“有限的”和 [D] obscure“模糊不清的”均与上下文句意不合。
5. [A] 词义搭配。此处在讲这种智力的模糊对我们职业的、社交的和个人的幸福所产生的极为有害的影响。故应选[A] wellbeing。[B] environment“环境”、[C] relationship“关系”和 [D] outlook“人生观”均与句意风马牛不相及。
6. [A] 词义型惯用搭配。It turns out that…“原来…，其实…，结果是…”符合句意。find out“发现”、point out“指出”和figure out“算出;估计;推测” 均与上下文句意不合。
7. [C] 词义搭配。根据上文可以推测，此处在讲“恰当的脑力锻炼可以大大改善我们的基本认知功能。”可见，[C] workouts“锻炼，(运动的)练习”符合句意。[A] roundabouts“旋转木马”、[B] responses“反应”和[D] associations“联合，联想，协会”均与句意相去甚远。
8. [B] 词义搭配。根据上文可以推测，此处在讲通过脑力锻炼可以大大改善我们的认知功能。故只有[B] functions符合句意。[A] genre “(文学作品等的)种类”[C]circumstances“情况”和[D] criterion“标准”均与上下文句意相悖。
9. [D] 词义搭配。根据上文可以推测，此处在讲“思考就其本质而言是在大脑中进行各种神经连接的过程。” 可见，[D] process符合句意。[A]channel“渠道”、[B] condition“条件”和[C] sequence“次序”均与上下文句意不合。
10. [C] 词义搭配。persist in“坚持不懈”，believe in“信赖”，excel in “在…方面突出的好”，feature in“在…方面占重要地位”。根据上文可以推测，此处在讲“… 我们在进行驱动智力的这些神经连结方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。”
11. [D] 逻辑搭配。从本句上下文看，此处语气转折，故应选[D] However。
12. [A] 词义搭配。根据上文可以推测，此处在讲“智力是可以按脑力活动而增强并且是变化不定的。” 可见，[A] according to符合句意。[B] regardless of “不考虑”、[C] apart from“除了”和[D] instead of“代替”均与上下文句意相悖。
13. [B] 词义搭配。根据上文可以推测，此处在讲该公司“采取进一步措施”，故应选[B] further。
14. [D] 词义搭配。此处在讲该网络公司开发的项目旨在帮助人们改善并恢复他们智力的灵活性。此处之所以选[D]flexibility“灵活性”是因为上段最后一句中说到“科学家认为，智力是可以按脑力活动而增强并且是变化不定的。可见，智力是有弹性(flexibility)的。[A] sharpness “敏锐性”、[B] stability“稳定性”和[C] framework“框架，结构”均与句意相去甚远。
15. [D] 词义搭配。此处在讲“这项网络训练项目能使你系统地改善记忆力和注意力。”force sb. to do sth. 意为“强迫某人做某事”;remind sb. to do sth. “提醒某人做某事”;hurry sb. “催促”，其搭配关系之一是：hurry sb. into doing sth. “催促某人做某事”。可见，上述3词均与句意不符。allow sb. to do sth. 意为“允许某人做某事”，例如：Allow me to detain you for a moment.(请允许我躭误你一会儿。) 综上所述，正确答案非[D] allows莫属。
16. [B] 惯用搭配。根据上文可以推断，此处在讲这个培训项目的作用，它“能及时了解你的进步…”。keep track of是成语，正合句意，故应选[B] track。keep hold of“抓住”、keep order of 和keep pace of 均非成语。keep pace with 有此习语，意为“与…步调一致”。
17. [C] 结构搭配。根据上文可以知道，此处在讲“这个培训项目…并为你的表现和改进提供详细的反馈。”可见，只有介词for能满足本句的句意与结构需要。
18. [C] 词义搭配。根据上文可以了解，此处在进一步讲述这个培训项目的作用。irregularly“不规则地”、habitually“惯常地”和unusually“不同寻常地”均与句意相去甚远。只有[C] constantly“不断地”符合句意。
19. [B] 惯用型词义搭配。此处在进一步讲述这个培训项目的作用。这个项目使你玩的训练游戏不断升级，其目的当然是增强你在开发的脑力。可见，[B] put是最佳选择，因为put on 是成语，意为“增加(体重、肌肉、价钱、速度等)”。carry on继续进行，[C] build on以…为基础;信赖，[D] take on承担，均与上下文句意相悖。
20. [B] 词义搭配。此处在讲这种训练就像一项产生预期结果的锻炼常规要求你增加对抗力并变换你肌肉使用的方法。risky 有风险的;effective 产生预期结果的，有效的，idle 闲着的，懒散的，无用的;familiar熟悉的。其中只有effective “产生预期结果的”符合句意。
[评论] 今年的完形填空难度属中等偏易，文章通俗易懂;其次是干扰项的干扰性不强。
参考译文
人到中年，许多人开始注意到，他们的记忆力和思维的清晰度都不如过去。我们突然想不起刚才把钥匙放在哪里，或者想不起一位老熟人的名字，或者想不起我们过去喜欢的一个乐队的名称。随着大脑的衰退，我们把这些现象称作“老年症。”这种智力的模糊尽管似乎无害，但它对我们职业的、社交的和个人的幸福极为有害。
神经科学家，即研究神经系统的专家，越来越多地证明，实际上还有许多事情可探讨。其实大脑需要锻炼就像肌肉一样。恰当的脑力锻炼可以大大改善我们的基本认知功能。思考就其本质而言是在大脑中进行各种神经连接的过程。在某种程度上讲，我们在进行驱动智力的这些神经连结方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。然而，由于这些神经连结是通过努力和练习来实现的，所以科学家认为，智力是可以按脑力活动而增强并且是变化不定的。
现在一家以网络为基础的公司采取一项进一步的措施并且开发了第一个“大脑训练项目”，此项目设计来帮助人们改善和恢复他们的智力灵活性。
这项网络训练项目能使你系统地改善记忆力和注意力。该项目能及时了解你的进步并为你的表现和提高提供详细的反馈。最重要的是，它不断地改变并升级你玩的训练游戏以便增强你正在培养的脑力，很像一项产生预期结果的锻炼常规要求你增加抗力并变换你肌肉使用的方法。
小结
按大纲规定《英语知识运用》的题材应为一篇240～280字的短文。本文是281字，符合大纲要求。试题类型有逻辑搭配、词义搭配、结构搭配和惯用搭配。完形填空解题技巧是：把握主题、抓住上下文的逻辑主线、瞻前顾后、各个击破，最后统观全文、查错补漏。完形填空解题时间通常为15分钟左右。千万不要超时，以免挤占后面各项的解题时间。本卷难度属中等偏易。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency," George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit -- and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?
More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" -- protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.
But in Osborne-land, your first instinct is to fall into dependency -- permanent dependency if you can get it -- supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" -- invented in 1996 -- is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at 71.70 pounds a week, one of the least generous in the EU. (443 words)
21. George Osborne's scheme was intended to
[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.
[B] encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking.
[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.
[D] guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits.
22. The phrase "to sign on"(Line 2, Para.2) most probably means
[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.
[B] to accept the government's restrictions on the allowance.
[C] to register for an allowance from the government.
[D] to attend a governmental job-training program.
23. What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?
[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.
[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.
[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.
24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel
[A] uneasy. [B] enraged. [C] insulted. [D] guilty.
25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?
[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness.
[B] Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.
[C] The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs.
[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.
重点词汇和短语
exchequer [ ] n. 财政部。Chancellor of the Exchequer [英国] 财政大臣。scheme [ ] n. 计划，方案。CV [=curriculum vitae] 履历。eligible [ ] adj. (for)有资格得到…的。benefit [ ] n. 救济金。stay off 戒除，忌。complete adj. (with) 附有，配套有…的：We bought a house complete with furniture. indulgent [ ] adj. 放纵的，纵容的。subsidize [ ] vt. 给…补贴，资助。claimant [ ] n. 申请者，请求者。deserving [ ] adj. 应得帮助的。check on 检查，查对，核实。skip vi. 蹦蹦跳跳。instinct [ ] n. 本能;直觉。permanent [ ] adj. 永久的。indulge [ ] vt. 纵容。only too 非常，极;可惜。falsehood [ ] n. 谎言;虚伪。welfare [ ] n. 福利。unconditional adj. 无条件的。mandatory [ ] adj. 强制的，必须的。
长难句剖析
第1段第2句：Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit -- and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.
[注释] Only加条件状语从句放在句首，主句的主语they和助动词will需要倒装。rather than是选择连词，意为“而不是”。
第2段第7句：On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness.
[注释] “on + 动名词或动作性名词”意为“一…以后就…”。例如：On his arrival [=On arriving] at the airport, he was arrested by the police.(他一到达机场就被警察逮捕了。) complete with … 意为“配有…，…完备的”。此处complete是形容词，例如：a large house complete with a swimming pool(设备齐全附有游泳池的大房子)。too … to do sth. 意为“太…以至不能做某事”。
段落大意和语篇结构
第1段阐述财政大臣George Osborne介绍了他的失业者求职方案来鼓励求职者积极参与求职。第2段进一步说明新求职方案的合理性。第3段讲述失业给人们带来的忧虑以及失业者的期盼。第4段阐述依赖救济金不会带给失业者幸福，英国严酷的现实使依赖救济金的梦想彻底碰壁。
本文的逻辑结构是第1段提出主题，第2段加以阐述，第3段揭露失业的真相，最后一段通过转折指出现实生活的严酷性。
试题解析
21. [B] 逻辑结构题。本题问：George Osborne介绍求职方案的用意是什么?本题测试细节与目的之间的逻辑关系。作者在本文一开头就指出George Osborne介绍求职方案的用意是“为了改变我们的生活过上好日子”并且降低“依赖性”。言下之意，有了工作就能过上好日子，不必依赖他人。可见，George Osborne介绍求职方案是为了鼓励求职者积极参于求职。故应选[B] encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking。[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits“向失业者提供获得救济金更易途径”应排除，因为介绍求职方案不是为了得到救济金，而是为了找工作。[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily“促使失业者自愿报告”和 [D] guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits“保证求职者得到救济金的合法权利”均属无中生有。
22. [C] 词组释义题。本题问：第2段第2行中的成语“to sign on”指的是什么意思?解这类题的技巧是瞻前顾后、推猜词义。上文讲到“求职者为了获得津贴将要等7天。”本句则说“那最初几天应该花在找工作上，而不是瞧着 。”显然，在逻辑上本句后半句是否定上句中“求职者为了获得津贴而等7天”的做法。由此推理，to sign on 意为“登记领取政府津贴”。因此，[C] to register for an allowance from the government. 符合句意。[A]“查清职业介绍所是否有工作”、[B]“接受政府对津贴的限止”和[D]“出席政府的职业培训班”均与上述句意不符。
23. [B] 细节理解题。本题问：什么促使这位财政部长制订他的方案?第2段最后一句写道：“What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" …(我们的理解是，激励他的动机是他对“基本公平”的热忱…)”句中的What motivated him与题干中的What prompted the chancellor语义相同。可见，我们把搜索答案的范围可以定格在此句上。该句后半句是：… was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" …(…是他对“基本公平”的热忱…)。言下之意，财长提出求职方案的目的是出于他对“基本公平”的热忱，也就是说，出于他渴望让所有人过上好日子。故应选[A]。[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers“确保纳税人公平的激情”属概念偷换，因为文中说的是对求职者的公平，而不是纳税人。此外，在美国领救济金的求职者是不纳税的。[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed“渴望保护失业者”和[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants“对申请者慷慨的热望”均与第1段第1句前半句和第2段最后一句的句意不符。
24. [A] 细节理解题。本题问：根据第3段，失业使人感到如何?第3段第1句写道：“Losing a job is hurting …”第2句又写道：“It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing…”综合上述划线部分可以得出结论：失业使人局促不安。故应选[A]uneasy“不安的，担心的，局促的”。[B]enraged“暴怒的”、[C] insulted“受侮辱的”和[D] guilty“内疚的”均与上述句意不符。
25. [B] 作者观点题。本题问：作者很可能同意下面哪一项?这是一道观点辨认题。解题方法是根据选项中的信息信号词寻找文章中相应细节，进行核对，以便去伪存真。选项[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness“英国福利制度纵容求职者的懒惰”，其中的信号词是The British welfare system。我们在最后一段第3句中找到相应信号词，分析该句内容，然后比对[A]项内容，结果发现[A]属正反颠倒，故应排除。选项[B]Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment“Osborne的改革将降低失业的风险”，其中的信号词是Osborne's reforms。第1段第2句“只要失业者携带履历表来到职业介绍所、登记了网上求职，并开始寻找工作…”和第2段第4句“我们做这些事情是因为我们知道这些事情有助于人们摆脱救济金并帮助那些依靠救济金的人更快地参加工作。”都是Osborne提出的新求职方案的内容，分析该两句内容，然后比对[B]项内容，结果发现，Osborne的改革方案降低了失业的风险。可见，这是本文作者的观点。故正确答案非[B]莫属。
[评论] 本文语言难度不大，长句较多，题目属中等难度。
参考译文
为了“改变我们的生活过上好日子”并且降低“依赖性”，财政大臣George Osborne介绍了这项“新的求职”方案。只要失业者携带履历表来到职业介绍所、登记了网上求职，并开始寻找工作，他们就有资格领取救济金，然后他们就应该每周而不是每两周向政府报告求职状况。有什么比这更合情合理呢?
下面的事更为明显的符合情理。现在求职者为了获得津贴将要等7天。他说：“那最初几天应该花在找工作上，而不是瞧着登记领取政府津贴。”“我们做这些事情是因为我们知道这些事情有助于人们摆脱救济金并帮助那些依靠救济金的人更快地参加工作。”帮助?真的吗?乍听起来，这是那位为社会担忧的财政部长试图改变我们的生活过上好日子，配有“许多改革”形成一个宽容的体系;这个体系几乎并不要求刚失业的人做出努力就能找到工作，因而助长了懒惰。我们的理解是，激励这位财政部长的动机是他对“基本公平”的热忱 – 保护纳税人、控制政府开支和确保只有应得帮助的申请者才能得到救济金。
丢了工作是令人伤心苦恼的，因为你不会心里唱着歌、从慷慨的国家获得双倍收入的前景而兴高彩烈地蹦蹦跳跳直奔职业介绍所。失业从经济上讲是令人毛骨悚然的，心理上讲是令人尴尬窘迫的，并且你知道，生活扶助金微乎其微而且很难得到。你现在没有工作;你已经从向你提供生活目的和生活组织的工作环境中被排除了。更糟糕的是，供养你自己和你家庭以及支付生活开支的重要收入已经消失了。你去问问新近失业的人他们想要什么，回答总是：一份工作。
但是在Osborne的国家内，你的第一直觉是陷入依赖之中 – 永久的依赖，假如你能得到这种依赖 -- 由一个非常想放纵你的虚伪的国家来抚养你。这就好像20年的越来越棘手的求职和救济金管理制度的改革从来就没有发生过。英国福利的原则不再是：你可以为自己投保抵抗失业风险，如果灾难发生你能得到无条件赔款。甚至连1996年起使用的“求职者津贴”这个词语也将把失业者重新定义为没有强制性权利领取救济金的“求职者”，而这种救济金是求职者通过国家保险投保已经挣得的。相反，申请人领到的是一笔有时间限止的“津贴”，条件是积极寻找工作;无权利和无保险，每周71.70英镑，是欧盟中最吝啬的失业津贴。
Text 2
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.
During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.
There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and they have to work fearsomely hard.
Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow. (430 words)
26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to
[A] the growing demand from clients.
[B] the increasing pressure of inflation.
[C] the prospect of working in big firms.
[D] the attraction of financial rewards.
27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?
[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.
[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.
[C] Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.
[D] Receiving training by professional associations.
28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from
[A] lawyers' and clients' strong resistance.
[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession.
[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers.
[D] non-professionals' sharp criticism.
29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive" partly because it
[A] bans outsiders' involvement in the profession.
[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.
[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.
[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.
30. In this text, the author mainly discusses
[A] flawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes.
[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.
[C] a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it.
[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal education.
重点词汇和短语
hostility [ ] n. 敌意。journalism [ ] n. 新闻业。skyscraper [ ] n. 摩天大楼。pile into 蜂拥挤入。*tort n. 侵权行为。authorize [ ] vt. 授权。on top of 在…上方;加之。implement [ ] vt. 执行，实施。sit for 参加…考试。would-be adj. 想成为的。guild-like adj. 像行会一样的。
长难句剖析
第4段第2句：Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.
[注释] around adv. be around 在附近，在近处。例如：He never seems to be around.(他似乎从来不在附近。) too … to … 太…以至不…。例如：He is too young to join the army. (他太年轻不能参军。)
段落大意和语篇结构
第1段指出客户对律师行业的不满。第2段进一步说明，在美国，法律诉讼的费用高，律师因此而发财，但是大多数法学院的毕业生并不如意。第3段分析诉讼的费用高的原因。第4段阐述需要改革的方面。第5段分析诉讼的费用高的另一个原因。第6段指出解决办法。
本文的逻辑结构是提出主题，加以阐述，分析原因，最后得出结论。可见，本文是用演绎法展开的。
试题解析
26. [D] 细节因果题。本题问：许多学生从事法律工作作为职业原因何在?题干中的信息信号词是students。第2段第2句中我们找到相同的信号词。该句写道：“The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.”可见，大学生从事法律工作是受金钱的诱惑。故应选[D] the attraction of financial rewards“金钱报酬的吸引”。[A] the growing demand from clients“来自客户的日益增长的需求”、[B] the increasing pressure of inflation“通胀的与日俱增的压力”和[C] the prospect of working in big firms“在大公司工作的前景”均与上述句意不符。
27. [C] 细节辨认题。本题问：下面哪一项增加了大多数美国州中法律教育的费用?题干中的信息信号词是the costs of legal education in most American states。由此我们可以把寻找答案的范围定格在第3段。该段第3句写道：“… a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools”。可见，[C] Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major“得另外一个专业的学士学位”符合上述画线部分的含义。[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies“本科学习更高的学费”、[B] Admissions approval from the bar association“律师协会的准入批准”和[D] Receiving training by professional associations“接受职业协会的培训”均与上述画线句意不符。
28. [B] 细节理解题。本题问：阻碍法律体系改革源于什么?题干中的信息信号词是the reform of the legal system。第4段第1句一开头就提到Reforming the system。顺藤摸瓜，第2句中写道：“…but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.”可见，[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession“管理这个行业的僵硬的机构”符合上述句意。[A] lawyers' and clients' strong resistance“律师和委托人的强烈反抗”、[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers“对未来律师的严格考试”和[D] non-professionals' sharp criticism“非专业人员的尖锐批评”均与上述画线句意不符。
29. [A] 细节因果题。本题问：像行会一样的所有制结构被认为是有“约束力的”部分原因是什么?从题干内容看本题涉及的是第5段。第2句写道：“…non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.(…, 非律师不允许拥有一家律师事务所的任何股份。)” 可见约束力部分来自上述句子所述，也即[A] bans outsiders' involvement in the profession“禁止局外人参予这个行业”。[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares“使律师不持有律师事务所的股份”、[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade“恶化这个行业的道德状况”和[D] prevents lawyers firm gaining due profits“阻止律师得到应有的利润”均与上述画线句意不符。
30. [C] 全文主旨题。本题问：本文中作者主要讨论什么?综观全文，前几段讲法学院和法律系统中存在的问题，最后一段指出解决的办法。故应选[C] a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it“美国法律职业中的问题及解决办法”。
[评论] 本文语言通俗易懂，题目难度属中等偏易。
参考译文
在全世界，律师比任何其他职业人员引发更多的敌视 – 可能除新闻业以外。但是很少有一些地方客户有比在美国更多的理由来进行投诉。
在经济危机以前的10年期间，在美国，法律诉讼的费用其增长率之快是通货膨胀的两倍。最优秀的律师挣的钱能装满摩天大楼，这就诱惑越来越多的学生拥入法学院。但是大多数法学院的毕业生从来就没有谋得一份大公司的工作。相反，其中许多人却成了那种诉讼骚扰的案卷保管人，这就使得侵权诉讼体系成了代价高昂的悪梦。
有许多原因说明这一点。一是接受法律教育学费过高。在美国大多数州中要成为律师只有一条道路：在某无关课程中花三年得一个学士学位，然后获得美国律师协会授权的200所法学院之一的三年法律学位以及费用高昂的律师考试培训。这就使今天一般法学院毕业生欠债10万美元，是本科生债务之最。法学院债务意味着许多人无力进入政府或非营利工作，并且他们不得不胆战心惊地努力工作。
改革这个体系将有助于律师及他们的委托人。围绕这个问题长期以来已经有一些明智的想法，但是管理这个行业的州一级的机构一直非常保守不愿意执行这些意见。一条意见是允许人们把法律作为本科学位来学习。还有一条意见是让学生在法学院只学两年就可以参加律师考试。如果律师考试确实是想当未来律师的十分严肃的考试，那些能够早一点参加考试的人应该被允许这样做。不需要额外培训的学生可以把巨额债款砍掉三分之一。
费用如此高的另一个原因是这个行业的约束性的、像行会一样的所有制结构。除了在哥伦比亚特区以外，非律师不允许拥有一家律师事务所的任何股份。这就使得费用一直很高，使革新缓慢。从这个行业内部就有压力要求变革，但是在执法者中反对变革的人坚持说，把局外人排除在一个律师事务所之外使律师脱离了挣钱的压力而不是在道义上为委托人服务的压力。
实际上，允许非律师拥有律师事务所的股份会降低费用、改进对客户的服务，因为这能鼓励律师事务所使用技术设备并雇佣专业经理进一步提高事务所的效益。毕竟，像澳大利亚和英国这样的国家已经开始法律职业的自由化。美国也应该紧跟。
Text 3
The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.
What's not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobles. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.
The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.
As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes---both new and old---are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research--as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobles were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.
As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism--that is the culture of research, after all--but it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. (429 words)
31. The Fundamental Physical Prize is seen as
[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth.
[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prize.
[C] an example of bankers' investment.
[D] a handsome reward for researchers.
32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit
[A] the profit-oriented scientists.
[B] the founders of the new awards.
[C] the achievement-based system.
[D] peer-review-led research.
33. The discovery of Higgs boson is a typical case which involves
[A] controversies over the recipients’ status.
[B] the joint effort of modern researchers.
[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes.
[D] the demonstration of research findings.
34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobles?
[A] Their endurance has done justice to them.
[B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.
[C] They are the most representative honor.
[D] History has never cast doubt on them.
35. The author believes that the new awards are
[A] acceptable despite the criticism.
[B] harmful to the culture of research.
[C] subject to undesirable changes.
[D] unworthy of public attention.
重点词汇和短语
(be) far from远不是。*lucrative [ ] adj. 赚钱的，有利可图的。a string of 一连串，一系列。benefactor [ ] n. 捐助者。a handful of 少数，少量，几个。upstart [ ] n. 暴发户，傲慢的人。prestige [ ] n. 声望，名声。cement [ ] vt. 巩固(友情等)。the status quo 现状，(当时的)状况。perpetuate [ ] vt. 使…永久化。scattered adj. 分散的，稀疏的。unrepresentative [ ] adj. 不能代表的，不能视为典型的。recipient [ ] n. 领奖人。outgrow vt. (随着年龄增长而)革除(习惯、嗜好等)，从…脱离。row n.(座位的)排;争吵，吵架。demonstrate [ ] vt. 证明，(以实例)说明。when it comes to …当谈到…时。boson n. [物理] n. 玻色子。legitimacy [ ] n. 合法性，正当性，法律认可。
长难句剖析
第4段第3句：But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modem research - as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
[注释] the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize是主语;each of whom must still be living是非限止性定语从句。has long been outgrown是谓语。as引导非限止性定语从句，代表the collaborative nature of modem research的内容。when it comes to是惯用句型，意为“当谈到…时”。
段落大意和语篇结构
第1段提出本文主题：企业家资助奖励有发明创造的科学家。第2段：科学家对这种奖励的负面看法。第3段：奖金颁发者的不同目的。第4段：对新旧科学奖金如何分配的不同看法。第5段：
科学家对这些新奖金的积极评价。本文是用演绎法来展开的，最后一段是全文结论。
试题解析
31. [A] 细节理解题。本题问：基础物理奖可以被看作什么?第1段第4句写道：“Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.”可见，基础物理奖可以被看作是企业家财富的象征。故应选[A]。但笔者认为，根据第1段最后一句的句意，如果选[D] a handsome reward for researchers“对研究人员的大方奖赏”也未尚不可。
32. [B] 细节理解题。本题问：批评家认为这些新的奖金对谁最有益?第2段一开头作者说：“What's not to like?(什么是不喜欢的呢?)”这句话的意思是，持批评意见的科学家认为什么是这些新的奖金背后他们所不喜欢的事。显然，题干中的critics是指本段中持批评意见的科学家。请看第2段第4句写道：“The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists.(科学家说，这些新的奖励是为其背后的那些企业家进行自我促销的一项活动。)”由此可见，持批评意见的科学家认为这些新的奖金对其创立者最有益。故应选[B] the founders of the new awards。[A] the profit-oriented scientists“唯利是图的科学家”、[C] the achievement-based system“以成就为基础的制度”和[D] peer-review-led research“同行审查领导的研究”均与上述句意不符。
33. [D] 细节理解题。本题问：Higgs玻色子的发现是一个牵涉到什么的典型事例?倒数第2段第3句讲到每笔诺贝尔奖的得主只限3人，而且每人必须仍然是活着的;这一点已被现代研究的协作性质所革除。该句接着讲到，当说到承认Higgs玻色子的发现时，谁的提名可忽视是不可避免的要争吵的，这就证明现代研究的协作性质。可见，Higgs玻色子的发现是一个牵涉到现代研究的共同努力问题。故应选[B] the joint effort of modern researchers. [A] controversies over the recipients’ status“领奖人地位的争论”、[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes“对新奖金的合法关注”和[D] the demonstration of research findings“研究发现的论证”均与上述句意不符。
34. [A] 细节理解题。本题问：根据第4段，哪一项符合这些高尚的科学家? 第4段最后两句写道：“The Nobles were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.” 可见，高尚的科学家是由富人树起来的。但高尚的科学家的合法是经得起时间考验的，不以意愿为转移。也就是说，高尚科学家的忍耐给了他们正义公平。故应选[A] Their endurance has done justice to them. [B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute“他们的合法性长期以来是有争议的”、[C] They are the most representative honor“他们是最有代表性的荣誉”和[D] History has never cast doubt on them“历史从来不会怀疑他们”均与上述句意不符。
35. [A] 细节理解题。本题问：作者认为新的奖金是什么样的?最后一段第2、3句写道：“First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.”从上述两句中画线部分可以看出，作者对新的奖金是持肯定态度的。故应选[A] acceptable despite the criticism. [B] harmful to the culture of research“对研究的文化氛围是有害的”、[C] subject to undesirable changes“受到不想要的改变”和 [D] unworthy of public attention“不值得公众注意”均与上述句意不符。
[评论] 本文中有许多长难句不易理解，考生应下工夫缵研。题目难度属中等偏难。
参考译文
正如Alexander Polyakov在今年三月收到本年度的奖金时所说的，三百万美元的《基础物理奖》确实是一项引人入胜的尝试。它远远不是这类奖金中的唯一一种。就像《自然》杂志中一篇《新闻特写》文章所讨论的，对研究人员的一系列能赚钱的奖励在最近几年已经和诺贝尔奖掺杂在一起了。许多奖金，像基础物理奖，是由互联网企业家的电话-号码-大小的银行帐户资助的。他们说，这些捐助者已经在他们选择的领域里取得成功，并且他们想使用他们的财富把注意力吸引到在科学上有成就的那些人身上。
什么是不喜欢的事呢?根据《新闻特写》中引证的少数几个科学家的看法，有许多不喜欢的原因。常言道，你无法买到得奖科学家的社会阶层，而且这些傲慢的企业家也无法替他们的奖金买到这些高尚科学家的声望。科学家说，这些新的奖金是为其背后的那些企业家进行自我促销的一项活动。这些奖金可以歪曲同行专家评审所领导的研究，这个评审制度是以成就为基础的。这些奖金也可以稳固同行专家评审研究的现状。它们并不资助同行专家评审的研究。它们使孤独的天才人物的神话永久化了。
奖金颁发者的目的似乎与批评意见一样是分散的。有些人是想以此引起震惊，而另一些人则想吸引人们从事科学，或者想更好地酬谢那些在研究中创业的人。
正如《自然》杂志以前所指出的，有关新旧科学奖金如何分配的问题有许多正当的关注。今年开创的《生命科学突破奖》对生命科学所包括的内容采取一种无代表性的观点。但是诺贝尔基金奖每笔奖金只限三名获奖人，其中每位获奖人必须仍然是活着的。这种限制早已被现代研究的协作性所淘汰。说到承认Higgs玻色子的发现，忽视谁这一不可避免的争吵证明了这一点。当然，这些高尚的科学家本身就是由一位决定用他的钱来做什么事的十分富裕的个人树立起来的。时间，而不是意愿，已经证明了他们的合理性。
有些科学家可能会抱怨这些新奖金，有两件事情似乎很清楚。第一，多数研究人员会接受这样一笔奖金，如果向他们授予的话。第二，金钱和关注投向科学而不是其它地方肯定是一件好事。批评和质疑这种奖励机制是公平的，毕竟那是科学研究的文化氛围，但是这是用奖金颁发者的钱来做他们乐意做的事。明智的是，以感谢和善意来接受这些礼物。
Text 4
"The Heart of the Matter", the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.
The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.
Unfortunately, despite 2.5 years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for disseminating progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.
Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas -- such as free markets, self-reliance and a distrust of central planning--as falling outside the boundaries of routine and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that congress asked it to illuminate
36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's attitude toward the AAAS's report?
[A] Critical. [B] Appreciative. [C] Contemptuous. [D] Tolerant.
37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to
[A] retain people's interest in liberal education.
[B] define the government's role in education.
[C] keep a leading position in liberal education.
[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.
38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests
[A] an exclusive study of American history.
[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.
[C] the application of emerging technologies.
[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.
39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are
[A] supportive of free markets.
[B] cautious about intellectual investigation.
[C] conservative about public policy.
[D] biased against classical liberal ideas.
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"
[B] Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"
[C] The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education
[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education
One of the more novel ideas in the report is the creation of a "Culture Corps" in cities and town across America to "transmit humanistic and social scientific expertise from one generation to the next."
重点词汇和短语
affirm [ ] vt. 肯定，确认。appreciative [ ] adj. 欣赏的。[C] contemptuous [ ] adj. 鄙视的，蔑视的。tolerant [ ] adj. 容忍的，宽容的。in response 作为回应。tier [ ] n.(阶梯等的)一层，一排。prominent [ ] adj. 突出的。representative [ ] adj. 有代表性的。presuppose [ ] vt. 预先假定，以…为前提，必须先有。informed adj. 有知识的，信息灵通的。citizenry [ ] n. [集合名词] 市民。literacy [ ] n. 阅读书写能力。call for (=require) 要求，需要。bear on 影响。
craft vt. 精心细做，细心构思。coherent [ ] adj. 有条理的。curriculum [ ] n. [pl.] curricula 课程。deprive … of … 剝夺。publicize [ ] vt. 公布，宣扬。propaganda [ ] n. 宣传。routinely [ ] adv. 按长规。treat … as … 把…当做…。portray … as …把…描述成…。 may well 很可能。set back 使后退，阻碍。illuminate [ ] vt. 照亮;把…解释清楚。
长难句剖析
第2段第1句：In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."
[注释] asking是欲望动词，其宾语从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气：should + 动词原形。在美国英语中should可以省略，直接用动词原形作谓语，如本句中identify。to "maintain national excellence in … 是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
段落大意和语篇结构
第1段：作者认为AAAS的报告弊大于利。第2段：国会对美国艺术和科学研究院的要求。第3段：这个报告中所确认的目标总的来说是令人赞赏的。第4段：不幸的是，《事情的核心》从来没有达到事情的核心。第5段：教授们对古典自由思想抱有的偏见。第6段：美国艺术和科学研究院的报告很可能阻碍了改革。本文是用演绎法展开全文的，最后一段与第1段遥相呼应。
试题解析
36. [A] 作者观点题。本题问：根据第1段，本文作者对AAAS的报告持什么态度?第1段最后一句中作者通过however的转折明确指出，“…the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. 可见，作者认为此报告弊大于利，故应选[A]Critical“持批评态度的”。[B] Appreciative“欣赏的”、[C] Contemptuous“鄙视的”和[D] Tolerant“容忍的”均与上述画线部分句意不符。
37. [C] 细节理解题。本题问：国会中有影响的人士要求AAAS 报告它如何工作?题干中的信息信号词是Influential figures in the Congress required。第2段第1句中对应的信号词是leading congressional Democrats and Republicans … asking。可见，搜索答案的范围可以定格在本句后半句。后半句写道：…to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."(以便“在人文和社会科学奖学金制度以及教育方面”保持国家的优势地位。”)可见，[C] keep a leading position in liberal education“在自由教育中保持主导地位”符合上述句意。[A] retain people's interest in liberal education“保持人们对自由教育的兴趣”、[B] define the government's role in education“定义政府在教育中的作用”和[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education“捍卫个人对教育的权利”均与上述句意相去甚远。
38. [C] 细节理解题。本题问：根据第3段，这个报告建议做什么?第3段讲述这个报告建议要做的事情。[A] an exclusive study of American history“只学习美国历史”属绝对化，不能入选。[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects“进一步强调理论理课程”，属偷换概念，因为原文中并没有提到“理论课程”。[C] the application of emerging technologies“应用新技术”，文中提到encourages the use of new digital technologies，故应选[C]。[D] funding for the study of foreign languages“资助外语学习”属无中生有，不能入选。
39. [C] 推理判断题。本题问：作者在第5段中暗示教授们对某些事情的态度是什么?题干中的信息信号词是professors。第5段写道：“Today, professors routinely treat … as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas -- … -- as falling outside the boundaries of routine and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.”从画线部分可以看出，教授们把古典自由思想，如自由市场和自力更生，说成是超出了常规的并且有时是超出了合理的知识研究范围。由此可见，作者暗示，教授们对古典自由思想抱有偏见。故应选[D] biased against classical liberal ideas。[A] supportive of free markets“支持自由市场”、[B] cautious about intellectual investigation“对文化知识研究持谨慎态度”和[C] conservative about public policy“对公共政策持保守态度”均与上述画线句意相悖。
40. [C] 全文主旨题。本题问：下面哪一项是本文的最佳标题?本文是用演绎法展开全文的，最后一段与第1段遥相呼应。第1段第2句是全文主题句：“Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.”全文的主题信息词是report，即"The Heart of the Matter"。上述主题句指出，这个报告没有谈到自由教育所面临的危机的真实本质。自由教育所面临的危机就是非自由教育，该报告认为这是问题的核心。比对4个选项，我们觉得[B] Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"和上述主题句比较吻合。 [A] Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"“‘领会‘事情的核心’的方法”、[C] The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education“美国艺术和科学研究院对自由教育的贡献”和[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education“现行政策对自由教育”均与上述主题句句意不符。
[评论] 本文中有许多长难句，考生应耐心分析理解。试题难度属中等。
参考译文
由美国艺术和科学研究院刚发布的报告《事情的核心》值得受到赞扬，因为它肯定了人文和社会科学对美国自由民主的繁荣和保障具有重要的意义。然而，遗憾的是，这个报告没有谈到自由教育所面临的危机的真实本质，这可能会引起弊大于利。
2010年，主要的国会民主党人和共和党人寄信给美国艺术和科学研究院(AAAS)请求它确认由“联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育家、个体捐助者和其他人士”可能采取的行动，以便“在人文和社会科学奖学金制度以及教育方面”保持国家的优势地位。”对此，美国艺术和科学研究院成立了人文和社会科学委员会。这个委员会的51名成员是顶尖大学的校长、学者、律师、法官和企业高管，以及来自外交、电影制片、音乐和新闻业方面的头面人物。
这个报告中所确认的目标总的来说是令人赞赏的。因为有代表性的政府其前提是必须有有知识的市民，所以这个报告支持鼓励有完全阅读书写能力者，强调研究历史和政府，尤其是美国历史和美国政府，并且鼓励使用新的数字技术。为了鼓励革新和竞争，这个报告要求增加对研究的投资、细心构思有条理的课程，这些课程能提高学生在21世纪解决问题和有效交流的能力。这个报告还要求增加对教师的拨款并鼓励学者用他们的学问去影响当今的各种巨大挑战。这个报告还提倡进一步学习外语、了解国际事务和扩大学习国外课程。
不幸的是，尽管准备这个报告花了两年半时间，《事情的核心》从来没有达到事情的核心：在我们主要的大学中自由教育的本质是不自由的。这个委员会没有注意到，几十年来美国大学已经培养了不懂自由教育内容和性质并因而没有因自由教育而受益的毕业生。很不幸，过去一度在家庭的校园调查的精神被使用人文和社会科学作为扩大“进步的”或称左翼自由宣传的工具所代替。
如今，教授们按常规把对历史的现行解释和现行的公共政策看做应有的研究课题，而把保守的或古典的自由思想，如自由市场和自力更生，说成是超出了常规的并且有时是超出了合理的知识研究范围。
美国艺术和科学研究院对自由教育表现出巨大的热情。然而它的报告很可能阻碍了改革，因为它模糊了国会要求它解释清楚这场挑战的深度和广度。
Part B
Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)
[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable--for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city's vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.
[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of
high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.
[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamum existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Eyan combed antique dealers' stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evas's interpretations of those engravings eventually led them to find the Minoan palace at Knossos on the island of Crete, in 1900.
[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.
41 ----- A ---- 42 --- E ---- 43 --- 44 --- 45
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重点词汇和短语
excavation [ ] n. 挖掘，挖掘出来的古物。*terrain [ ] n. 地形，地势。yield [ ] vt. 引发，产生，收得;(to) 屈服于。*megalith n. 巨石(史前时代所建的遗物)。artifact [ ] n. 人工制品，加工品。come to light 显露，暴露，被发现。by accident 偶然。*hominid n. 人类及其祖先。*sift through细心调查。rubble [ ] n. 石头碎片，瓦砾。comb vt. 彻底搜查。engrave [ ] vt. 雕刻，铭记。engraving [ ] n. 雕刻。seal n. 印章。be attributed to 是属于…的，是具有…属性的。airborne [ ] adj. 空降的，空中传播的。*pinpoint [ ] vt. 正确地指出。
本文大意
本文讲述考古学家如何通过调查和勘察发现古代人类文明的遗址。
试题解析
解题技巧：段落排序题的解题技巧是浏览每段段首句和段落结尾句，梳理出贯穿全文、承上启下的脉络，特别要注意段落结尾句与下一段的段首句之间在逻辑上的联系。解题时间20分钟，每道题的解题时间分配如下：65432，即先慢后快。
41. [C] 一般来说，文章第1段往往是主旨段，提出全文的主题。由此出发，我们来浏览各段，通过比较抓住主题段，再按照展开主题的逻辑主线来进行排序。[A]段已经给出是排序后的第2段，其中的关键信息词是archaeological sites。可见，本文很可能是讲述考古遗址方面的事。接着从[B]开始浏览各段段首句，以便搜索本文的第1段。[B] 一开头就是In another case，这说明它不可能是首段。[C]段第1句：How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? 很象文章第1段的段首句。 再看一下[C]段的最后一句是否对[A]段(已被定为第2段)起到承上启下的作用?[C]段结尾句是：Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.(调查和试挖对于理解埋有考古遗址的更大景区也具有重要意义。)而[A]段段首句是：Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable--for example,…(有些考古遗址总是能容易观察到的 – 例如，…)。综上所述，这前后两句在逻辑上连贯一致、前后照应。由此确定[C]是41题的答案。
42. [F] 第2自然段[A]段的最后一句是：Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.(成千上万的Aztec人工制品在20世纪70年代墨西哥城挖地铁期间被发现的。)浏览[B]、[D]、[F]和[G]的各段首句可以发现，只有[F]段的段首句Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.(然而，大多数考古遗址是由着手寻找遗址的考古学家发现的。)在逻辑上与[A]段结尾句连贯一致、前后照应。由此确定[F]是42题的答案。
43. [G] 第4自然段[E]的结尾句是：Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.(空中勘察确定了我们感兴趣的大致地区或更大的被埋葬的地貌，如古代的建筑或田野。) 浏览[B]、[D]和[G]各段段首句可以发现，只有[G]段的段首句Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.(地面调查使考古学家们正确地指出挖掘将取得成功的地方。)在逻辑上与[E]段结尾句前后连贯、上下照应。上面讲空中眺望调查…，后一段讲地面调查…。由此确定[G]是43题的答案。
44. [D] 第5自然段[G]段的结尾两句是：Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.(考古学家通常使用计算机来为遗址或其周围的景区绘制地图。两维和三维的地图是规划挖掘中的有用工具，它们可以说明遗址的外观并展示考古研究的成果。)浏览[B]和[D]两段段首句可以发现，只有[D]的段首句：Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.(调查勘察可以复盖一个巨大的居住区或整片的景区。)在逻辑上与[G]段结尾句前后连贯、上下照应。故应选[D]。
45. [B] 第6自然段[D]中有In one case。此外[D]的结尾句是：The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.(所绘制的居住区地图表明在公元500年和850年之间城市周围分散的和密集的农业人口如何发生巨大的变化。)浏览[B]段，一开头就是In another case … ，这和[D]段中的In one case前后照应。因此，本题答案非[B]莫属。
参考译文
[C] 当地面上没有看得见的东西时，考古学家是如何知道到哪里去找到他们正在寻找的遗址?一般，他们对大片地形进行调查并抽样(即试挖)，以便确定在何处挖掘将获得有用的信息。调查和试挖对于理解埋有考古遗址的更大景区也具有重要意义。
[A] 有些考古遗址总是能容易观察到的 – 例如，在希腊雅典的巴特龙神殿(Parthenon)、埃及Giza的金字塔，以及在南英格兰Stonehenge的巨石(史前时代所建的遗物)。但是这些遗址都是例外之物。大多数考古遗址都是通过仔细搜索才找到的，而许多其它的遗址是偶然发现的。坦桑尼亚早期人类遗址Olduvai Gorge就是一位1911年掉进大山深谷的蝴蝶采集者发现的。成千上万的Aztec人工制品在20世纪70年代墨西哥城挖地铁期间被发现的。
[F] 然而，大多数考古遗址是由着手寻找遗址的考古学家发现的。这样的寻找可能需要若干年。英国考古学家Howard Carter知道，埃及法老Tutankhamum的陵墓的存在是从其它遗址中发现的信息得知的。在1922年Carter发现这座陵墓以前花了7年时间细心调研了帝王谷的瓦砾。在19世纪晚期英国考古学家Arthur Eyan爵士彻底搜查了希腊雅典古董商的收藏。他那时在搜寻具有古代美锡尼文明文化属性的微型刻章。这种文化曾于公元前1400年代到1200年代主宰过希腊。Evans对这些刻章的解读最终导致他1900年在Crete岛上的Knossos发现了Minoan宫殿。
[E] 为了发现他们的遗址，今天的考古学家主要依靠系统调查的方法和各种各样的高科技工具和方法。空中传播的技术，例如由飞机或宙宇飞船运载的不同类型的雷达和摄影设备使考古学家不用挖掘就了解地底下藏着什么。空中勘察确定了我们感兴趣的大致地区或更大的被埋葬的地貌，例如古代的建筑或田野。
[G] 地面勘察使考古学家们正确地指出挖掘将取得成功的地方。大多数地面勘察必然要长途步行、寻找地表线索，例如小的陶片。这些勘察常常包括一定数量的挖掘以便探寻整个景区在一些选点是否有被埋的材料。考古学还可以使用地面雷达、磁场记录仪和金属探测器等技术来确定被埋遗物的位置。考古学家通常使用计算机来绘制遗址地图及遗址周围的地貌。两维和三维的地图是规划挖掘中的有用工具，它们能说明遗址的外观并提出考古研究的成果。
[D] 调查勘察可以复盖一个巨大的居住区或整片景区。有一次，在洪都拉斯Copan的古老玛雅城周围工作的许多研究人员已经通过使用空中摄影和步行调查发现了数百个小村落和居住点。所绘制的居住区地图表明在公元500年和850年之间，当Copan城崩溃时，城市周围分散的和密集的农业人口如何发生巨大的变化。
[B] 还有一次，美国考古学家Rene Million 和 George Cowgill花了多年系统地绘制了现在叫墨西哥城附近的墨西哥山谷中的整个Teotihuacan城的地图。大约公元600年，在它的顶峰处，这个城市曾是世界上最大的人类居住点之一。研究人员不仅绘制了这个城市广阔的、过分装饰的举行仪式区域的地图，而且还绘制了数百个比较简陋的老百姓居住公寓综合体的地图。
Part C
Direction: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. 46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.
Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven's music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. 49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.(441 words)
词汇和短语
sensual [ ] adj. 肉体感官上的。in any case无论如何。have something to do with与…有点关系。 metaphysical [ ] adj.引而上学的，抽象很难理解的。hitherto [ ] adv. 迄今。prevailing [ ] adj. 普遍的，占优势的。sonata [ ] n. 奏鸣曲。chaos [ ] n. 混乱。imperative adj./n. 非常必要的;必须做的事情。plague [ ] vt. 折磨，使痛苦。n. 瘟疫。movement n. [音乐] 乐章。
全文主旨
本文首先揭示音乐的本质，接着介绍贝多芬音乐的艺术性、思想性和政治性。
试题解析
46. [答案] 这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。
[注释] why引导同位语从句修饰名词reason。we can do 是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰all。articulate vt. 清楚说明。grasp vt. 理解。
47. [答案] 人们普遍认为，他(贝多芬)是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。
[注释] By all accounts 是成语，意为“根据大家的说法”。let alone 更不用说：He knows Spanish, let alone English.(他懂西班牙语，更不用说英语了。)“更不用说”的英语表达方式常用的有：to say nothing of , not to speak of，not to mention, much less, still less.
48. [答案] 贝多芬表演时习惯最大限度地逐渐增高音量，然后突然转为柔和的乐段，在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式。
[注释] volume 此处意为“音量”。passage此处意为“乐段”。
49. [答案] 尤为重要的是，贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为自由与个人的权利和责任有关：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。
[注释] be associated with 与…相联的。personal expression 可以引申译为“个人言论”。
50. [答案] 我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命价值得以延续。
[注释] render vt. 此处意为“使得”。(be) worth doing 值得做。
评分原则和示例
笔者曾连续15年应邀参加教育部考试中心考研评分执行细执的制订工作。英译汉的评分原则是分段计分，总体给分。分段计分示例：
47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an
0.5分 0.5分
essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
0.5分 0.5分
计分标准：每个计分点中的核心词译错扣0.5分。汉语错别字一般每3个扣0.5分。第1个计分点中By all accounts译错，扣0.5分。第2个计分点中freethinking 或courageous译错，扣0.5分。第3个计分点中essential quality译错，扣0.5分。第4个计分点中let alone译错，扣0.5分。个别计分点译对但整个句子意思扭曲，扣1.5分。整个句子译文逻辑混乱、词不达意，扣2分。
参考译文
音乐对不同的人有不同的含义，有时甚至对同一个人在其生命的不同时刻其含义也不尽相同。音乐可以是诗歌般的、有哲理的、肉体感官上的，或者是非常精确的，但是无论如何，依我看，它可能与一个人的心灵有某种关系。因此它是既抽象而又难理解;然而其表达手段纯粹是也只能是物理的：声音。我认为，恰恰是这种通过物理手段使抽象难懂的信息永久共存才是音乐的力量所在。46) 这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。
贝多芬在音乐界的重要地位主要是由他的作曲的革命性界定的。他把音乐从迄今和谐和结构的主流俗套中解放出来。有时我在他的后期作品中感觉到一种突破所有音符串联的意志力。这种音乐是骤然的并似乎是不连贯的，就像在最后一首钢琴奏鸣曲中一样。在音乐的表达中，他并没有感到传统压力的束缚。47) 人们普遍认为，贝多芬是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质是理解他作品的关键，更不要说是演出其作品的关键。
实际上，这种勇敢态度成了贝多芬音乐演奏家的必要条件。贝多芬的作曲要求演奏者表现出勇气，例如在使用音量方面。48) 贝多芬表演时习惯最大限度地逐渐增高音量，然后突然转为柔和的乐段，在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式。
从政治家这个词的最广义上讲，贝多芬是一位深受政治影响人。他对日常政治不感兴趣，但他关注道德行为问题以及影响整个社会的正确和错误的更大问题。49) 尤为重要的是，贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为自由与个人的权利和责任有关：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。
贝多芬的音乐往往从无序转向有序，似乎好像有序是人类存在的必要条件。对他来说，秩序并不来自遗忘或忽略使我们的存在痛苦的混乱;秩序是必要的发展、是一种改进，它可以导致精神提升的希腊理想。《葬礼进行曲》并不是贝多芬第三(英雄)交响曲的最后乐章而是第二乐章，这不是偶然的, 因此痛苦并不是这只交响曲的结束语。50) 我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命价值得以延续。
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions: Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students' physical condition.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)
参考范文：
Dear President Smith,
I am writing to you to make a few suggestions that would improve students’ physical condition. There are several ways, I think, which will help to build up students’ health. They can be listed as follows. First of all, our school should attach greater significance to physical exercise because regular exercise is essential for a healthy mind and body. Secondly, it is urgent for our university to improve our athletic facilities so that they can be available to students at their convenient time. Finally, our school should call on students to give up harmful personal habits, such as smoking and drinking. I hope you will find my suggestions feasible.
Thank you for your attention.
Truly yours,
Li Ming
(116 words)
Notes: build up 增进。as follows 如下。attach significance/importance to 重视。healthy mind and body 身心健康。athletic facilities 体育设施。call on 号召。give up 戒除。feasible 切实可行的。
Part B
52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) interpret its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
165-14033114442053457.png
相携
参考范文：
The respect for elders and the love for children are considered to be an important ethical virtue in China. As is depicted in the drawing，a mother was caring for her daughter 30 years ago but now the latter has grown up and takes care of her mum.
What the drawing conveys is thought-provoking in our current society. There is no denying the fact that it is important for elders and their children to love, care for and help each other. On the one hand, there is no doubt that most of the parents love and look after their kids in every possible way. On the other hand, there are still many young people who are lacking in a sense of responsibility and reluctant to support their parents. This is a serious social problem which deserves our attention and requires an immediate solution.
In my opinion, children should be told in schools to show love and respect for their elders. When they grow up, they are in duty bound to support their parents. Only in this way can we live in a harmonious society. In short, tomorrow will be much better and brighter when a growing number of young people becomes aware of the responsibility to look after their parents. (211 words)
Notes: ethical virtue 美德。care for (=take care of) 照料。convey 传递。thought-provoking发人深省的。There is no denying the fact that … 无可否认…。look after照料。in every possible way 无微不至地。be lacking in 缺少。reluctant 勉强的，不情愿的。support 抚养，赡养。deserve 值得。grow up 长大。be in duty bound to do … 有义务(责任)做…。
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