西安外国语大学2013年翻译硕士考研真题及答案

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        西安外国语大学2013年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
        　　I. Phrase Translation
        　　新能源汽车: New Energy Vehicles; green car
        　　新型农村合作医疗: New Rural Cooperative Medical Care
        　　广播电视网： broadcasting TV networks; Next Generation Broadcasting network
        　　工伤保险: employment injury insurance; work-related injury insurance; work
injury insurance
        　　中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会: the 18th national congress of the communist party of
china
        　　学前教育三年行动计划: A three-year action plan for preschool education
        　　纪念辛亥革命100周年大会: commemorate the centennial anniversary of the 1911
Revolution
        　　收入分配制度改革总体方案：master plan for deepening reform of the income distribution
system
        　　文化逆差: cultural deficit; Culture Shock
        　　纽约证券交易所: New York Stock Exchange
        　　循环经济: Circular Economy; recycling economy
        　　诺贝尔文学奖: Nobel Prize in Literature
        　　2012 中国上海国际食品安全博览会: International food safety Exhibition 2012 Shanghai,
China
        　　中等收入陷阱: middle-income trap
        　　中共中央政治局常务委员会：Central Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of
China
        　　Over-the-counter(OTC) drugs：非处方药
        　　Long-term government bonds：长期公债
        　　U.S Treasury Secretary：美国财政部长
        　　easy money policy：宽松的货币政策
        　　dementia：痴呆;智力衰弱;精神错乱;疯狂
        　　the Association of Southeast Asian Nation(ASEAN)：东南亚国家联盟(东盟)
        　　Richter scale：里克特震级(测量地震强度的标准);里氏震级
        　　secret ballot：无记名投票
        　　tax evasion and avoidance：偷税避税
        　　Defending champion：卫冕冠军
        　　E111: 欧洲健康保险卡(European Health Insurance Card)
        　　Corporate social responsibility：企业社会责任
        　　Capacity building：能力建设;能力建构
        　　polycrystalline silicon：多晶硅
        　　negotiated bidding：谈判招标
        　　(注：原文以句子形式出现)
        　　II. Passage translation
        　　Section A English to Chinese
        　　1，After more than 30 years of rapid growth, China has reached another
turning point in its development path when a second strategic, and no less
fundamental, shift is called for. The 12th Five Year Plan provides an excellent
start. This report combines its key elements to design a longer-term strategy
that extends to 2030. More importantly, it focuses on the “how,” not just the
“what.” Six important messages emerge from the analysis:
        　　First, implement structural reforms to strengthen the foundations for a
market-based economy by redefining the role of government,reforming and
restructuring stateenterprises and banks, developing the privatesector,
promoting competition, and deepeningreforms in the land, labor, and
financialmarkets. As an economy approaches the technology frontier and exhausts
the potential for acquiring and applying technology from abroad, the role of the
government and its relationship to markets and the private sector need to change
fundamentally. While providing relatively fewer “tangible” public goods and
services directly, the government will need to provide more intangiblepublic
goods and services like systems,rules, and policies, which increase production
efficiency, promote competition, facilitate specialization, enhance the
efficiency of resource allocation, protect the environment, and reduce risks and
uncertainties.
        　　Second, accelerate the pace of innovation and create an open innovation
system in which competitive pressures encourage Chinese firms to engage in
product and process innovation not only through their own research and
development but also by participatingin global research and developmentnetworks.
China has already introduced a range of initiatives in establishing a research
and development infrastructure and is far ahead of most other developing
countries. Its priority going forward is to increase the quality of research and
development, rather than just quantity. To achieve this, policy makers will need
to focus on: increasing the technical and cognitive skills of university
graduatesand building a few world-class researchuniversities with strong links
to industry; fostering“innovative cities” that bring togetherhigh-quality
talent, knowledge networks,dynamic firms, and learning institutions, andallow
them to interact without restriction;and increasing the availability of patient
riskcapital for start-up private firms.
        　　Third, seize the opportunity to “go green” through a mix of market
incentives, regulations,public investments, industrial policy,and institutional
development. Encouraging green development and increased efficiency of resource
use is expected to not only improve the level of well-being and sustain rapid
growth, but also address China’s manifold environmental challenges. The
intention is to encourage new investments in a range of low-pollution,
energy-and resource-efficient industries that would lead to greener development,
spur investments in related upstream and downstream manufacturing and services,
and build international competitive advantage in a global sunrise industry.
These policies have the potential to succeed, given China’s many advantages—its
large market size that will allow rapid scaling up of successful technologies to
achieve economies of scale and reduced unit costs, a high investment rate that
will permit rapid replacement of old, inefficient, and environmentally damaging
capital stock; its growing and dynamic private sectorthat will respond to new
signals from government,provided it gets access to adequate levelsof
finance.
        　　参考译文：在经历30多年高速增长之后，中国在发展上已经到达另一个转折点，需要再一次进行根本性战略转变。“十二五”规划是一个良好开端。在融汇其主要内容的基础上，本报告提出了直到
2030 年的长期战略。重要的是，本报告着重阐述“如何做”而不仅仅是“做什么”。研究引出了如下六条重要结论。
        　　第一，通过下列措施推进结构性改革以强固市场经济的基础，即重新界定政府职能，改革和重组国有企业与国有银行，发展民营部门，促进竞争，深化土地、劳动力与金融市场改革。随着一个经济体技术接近前沿水平，引进推广国外先进技术的潜力得以释放，政府职能及政府与市场和民营部门的关系，均需进行深刻调整。政府直接提供的有形公共产品和服务相对减少的同时，需要提供更多的诸如制度、规则和政策之类的无形公共产品，以提高生产效率，促进竞争，便利专业化分工，改善资源配置，保护环境，降低风险与不确定性。
        　　第二，加快创新步伐，建立一个开放的创新系统。在这个系统中，竞争压力激励中国企业通过自身研发和参与全球研发网络进行产品与工艺创新。中国已经在建立研发体系方面采取了一系列措施，走在大部分发展中国家前列。未来的优先任务是提高研发质量而不仅仅是数量。为此，决策者需要着力提高大学毕业生技能和认知能力;建设一批与产业紧密联系的世界一流研究型大学;促进“创新型城市”发展，集聚高素质人才、知识网络、充满活力的企业和学习机构，并使这些机构自由互动;提高耐心资本对于新设民营企业的可及性。
        　　第三，通过市场激励、监管、公共投资、产业政策和制度建设等措施，抓住“绿色”机遇。鼓励绿色发展，提高资源利用效率，不仅能提高福利水平和实现持续增长，也有助于应对中国面临的各种环境挑战。这将鼓励一系列低污染、高能源和资源利用效率部门的投资，实现绿色发展，并促进上下游的相关制造业和服务业投资，在全球朝阳产业中构建竞争优势。这些政策有成功潜力，因为中国具备诸多优势。巨大的市场规模有助于快速推广成功技术以实现规模经济、降低单位成本;高投资率能快速更新原有的低效和高污染的资本品;日益增长和充满活力的民营部门如能获得足够融资，将对政策信号做出积极响应。
        　　Section B Chinese to English
        　　关中民俗艺术博物院坐落在秦岭终南山世界地质公园中心地带和隋唐佛教圣地南五台山脚下，东接翠华山，南拥五台山，西邻草堂寺，北瞰长安城，占地493.88亩、规划建筑面积10.8万平方米，计划总投资人民币5.7亿元，是以民俗文化遗产抢救、保护、收藏、研究和展示为主的大型文化旅游项目。整体建筑呈明、清园林风格，气势恢宏，古朴典雅。博物院抢救、保护、珍藏了周秦汉唐以来历代的民俗文化遗产33600多件。形成了民间艺术、关中民居、民俗风情、名人字画四大系列藏品。从不同层面集中地反映了关中地区各族人民在不同历史时期民俗历史风貌，被国内外学者誉为“民族文化的基因仓和标本库”。8600多根精美的拴马桩一起精美的石雕工艺引人注目，极大地丰富了我国民间石刻艺术宝库，被誉为“地上兵马俑”。博物院被列为陕西省“十二五”重大建设项目，被
国家文化部命名为“国家文化产业示范基地”，现为国家4A级旅游景区，一成为陕西独具特色的民俗文化旅游景观。