西北大学2014年翻译硕士考研真题及答案

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        西北大学2014年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
        　　I. Phrase Translation
        　　CBD：中央商务区(Central Business District);交货前付款(cash before delivery)
        　　API：空气污染指数(Air pollution Index);应用程序编程接口(Application Programming
Interface)
        　　NASA：美国宇航局;美国太空总署(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
        　　CIO：首席信息官(Chief Information Officer)
        　　hegemonism：霸权主义
        　　Ethnic Affairs Committee：民族委员会
        　　Ministry of Land and Resources：(中华人民共和国)国土资源部
        　　Source Document：源文档;原始文件
        　　Retained Earning: 留存收益;留存盈余;留存利润
        　　dabber: 轻拍的人; 敷墨具
        　　Public Reserve Funds: 公积金
        　　Global Position System: 全球定位系统
        　　Treasury Bonds: 国库债券
        　　oracle bone inscriptions: 甲骨文
        　　Yasukuni Shrine: 靖国神社
        　　财务报表: Financial statements; financial sheet; Financial Reporting
        　　原始设备制造商: original equipment manufacturer; OEM
        　　红学: Redology
        　　安居工程: affordable housing project; housing project for low-income
families
        　　禅宗: Zen Buddhism
        　　小品: witty skits; sketch
        　　侨务办公室: Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs
        　　主任编辑: Associate Senior Editor
        　　老三届: unior and senior high school graduates of 1966~1968; school leavers of
1966~1968
        　　电视台台长: TV Manager; TV Station Chief; TV Station Controller; TV Director
        　　老字号: a time-honored brand; an old and famous shop or enterprise
        　　利改税: replacement of profit delivery by taxes; substitution of tax payment
for profit delivery; Tax for Profits
        　　南水北调: south water to north; South-to-North water diversion (Project);
South-North water transfer
        　　强权外交: power diplomacy
        　　全面小康社会: the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects; a
well-off society in an all-round way
        　　II. Passage translation
        　　Section A English to Chinese
        　　Would that I could enrich this sketch with the names of all those who have
ministered to my happiness! Some of them would be found written in our
literature and dear to the hearts of many, while others would be wholly unknown
to most of my readers. But their influence, though it escapes fame, shall live
immortal in the lives that have been sweetened and ennobled by it. Those are
red-letter days in our lives when we meet people who thrill us like a fine poem,
people whose handshake is brimful of unspoken sympathy, and whose sweet, rich
natures impart to our eager, impatient spirits a wonderful restfulness which, in
its essence, is divine. The perplexities, irritations and worries that have
absorbed us pass like unpleasant dreams, and we wake to see with new eyes and
hear with new ears the beauty and harmony of God’s real world. The solemn
nothings that fill our everyday life blossom suddenly into bright possibilities.
In a word, while such friends are near us we feel that all is well. Perhaps we
never sawthem before, and they may never cross our life’s path again; but the
influence of their calm, mellow natures is a libation poured upon our
discontent, and we feel its healing touch, as the ocean feels the mountain
stream freshening its brine.
        　　I have often been asked, “Do not people bore you?” I do not understand
quite what that means. I suppose the calls of the stupid and curious, especially
of newspaper reporters, are always inopportune. I also dislike people who try to
talk down to my understanding. They are like people who when walking with you
try to shorten their steps to suit yours; the hypocrisy in both cases is equally
exasperating.
        　　The hands of those I meet are dumbly eloquent to me. The touch of some
hands is an impertinence. I have met people so empty of joy, that when I clasped
their frosty finger tips, it seemed as if I were shaking hands with a northeast
storm. Others there are whose hands have sunbeams in them, so that their grasp
warms my heart. It may be only the clinging touch of a child’s hand; but there
is as much potential sunshine in it for me as there is in a loving glance for
others. A hearty handshake or a friendly letter gives me genuine pleasure.
        　　I have many far-off friends whom I have never seen. Indeed they are so many
that I have often been unable to reply to their letters; but I wish to say here
that I am always grateful for their kind words, however insufficiently I
acknowledge them.(本文选自海伦·凯勒自传《我的生活》Mtizt.com注)
        　　参考译文：我所以不惜笔墨地提到很多人的名字，是因为他们曾带给我无尽的快乐!其中一些人已经被记载在文献中，并且成为世人瞩目的焦点。还有一些人则完全不为我的读者所知，虽然他们默默无闻，但是他们积极而崇高的生活态度对我的影响是永恒的。当我们遇到像一首绝妙诗歌一样令我们怦然心动的人时，那一刻就是我们生命中的节日。同这些人握手时，你能感觉到他们的手掌充满了无言的同情;对于饥渴而烦躁的心灵而言，他们那美好而富足的情怀带给我们奇妙的宁静感，而这种宁静的本质，就是神圣。种种的困惑、恼怒和忧虑就像令人讨厌的梦境一样占据了我们过去的生活，当我们再次醒来时，我们会用全新的眼睛和耳朵来感受世间的美丽与和谐，来感受神所创造的真实世界的伟大。我们的日常生活蓦然间变得一片光明，带来这种奇效的唯有“神圣”，而非他物。一言以蔽之，有这类朋友相伴在左右，我们就会感到无比充实。也许我们以前从来没有见过他们，而且萍水相逢过后，他们可能再也不会同我们相遇，但是，他们那沉静而成熟的气质一定会对我产生深远影响，我们所有的不快都会随着他们敬拜天地的杯中酒一饮而尽;我们会感受到它疗伤时的轻柔触摸，正如大海能感受到咸涩的苦水正在被融入的河流所冲淡。
        　　我经常被人问及这样的问题：“难道人们不会令你心烦吗?”我实在不明白这是什么意思。我猜想这种愚蠢而怪异的声音可能来自新闻记者的报道。当然，这类报道往往是不合时宜的。我也不喜欢那些对我的理解力品头论足的人，他们在和你一起走路时，总是试图缩短他们自己的步幅，只为了迎合你行走的速度。事实上，这两类虚伪的人同样令人无法容忍。
        　　我所接触的那一双双手虽然默默无语，但是它们却对我有着非比寻常的意义。其中，有一些手的触摸是傲慢而无礼的。我曾遇到过一些相当缺少快乐的人，当我紧紧握住他们那冷若冰霜的指尖时，我的感觉就好像正在同一场来自东北的暴风雪握手。而另外有一些人，他们的双手似乎存有阳光的余温，所以，同他们握手可以温暖我的心。也许只有小孩子的手才会抓住你不放，因为他们对你有一种强烈的信任感;我可以感觉到，他们(小孩子)的手中为我储藏了大量的阳光，正如他们为别人预备了充满爱意的眼神一样。总之，一次热情的握手，或者一封表达友情的书信，都会带给我最真切的快乐。
        　　我有许多相隔万里而从未谋面的朋友。他们为数众多，乃至于我无法一一回答他们的来信，但是我愿意在此重申，对于他们那情真意切的话语，我始终心存感激，虽然我对他们知之甚少。
        　　Section B Chinese to English
        　　即便是对中国所知不多的人，也听说过计划生育政策，这项政策限制大部分中国夫妇只能生一个孩子。1980年，这个全球人口最多的国家颁布了这一法律，其原意是出于对人口增长过快所带来的资源消耗和伤害经济增长的担忧。中国的人口出生率从70年代的每名妇女生育4.77个儿童锐减至2011年的1.64个，但是这些年来，这一政策显示出了无数后遗症，包括强制绝育和流产，以及重男轻女导致的女性人口短缺失衡。
        　　前段时间，中国领导人表示将放宽计划生育政策，允许有一方为独生子女的夫妇生二胎。目前，除非夫妻双方都是独生子女，否则仍只能要一个孩子;如果农村家庭的第一个孩子是女孩的话，可以生第二胎。政策变化的原因在于中国正寻求解决人口迅速老龄化背后所隐现的劳工短缺问题。这一人口结构的变化也将出人意料地影响到中国经济的某一块——蓬勃发展的房地产市场。
        　　房价长期上涨，已超出了很多中国人的承受范围。一些研究发现，中国房价的飙升与日益扩大的男女比例失衡有关。因为男性比女性多很多(15-30岁适婚年龄段中的男女比例为1.15:1)，中国的婚恋竞争已变得异常激烈。
        　　参考译文：Even those who know little about China have heard of its policy
limiting most couples to one child. The 1980 law in the world’s most populous
country was originally intended to tame fears that a surging population would
suck up resources and hurt growth. Birthrates plunged to 1.64 children per woman
in 2011 from 4.77 in the 1970s, but the policy has led to countless troublesome
consequences over the years, including forced sterilizations and abortions and a
shortage of women in a country that overwhelmingly prefers boys over girls.
        　　A few days ago, leaders pledged to relax the one-child policy, allowing
couples to have two children if one parent is an only child. Currently, couples
are restricted to one child unless both parents are only children and rural
families are allowed to do so if their first child is a girl. The policy change
comes as China seeks to address a looming shortage of workers in the face of a
rapidly aging population. Such demographic changes could also ripple across an
unexpected part of China’s economy — its booming housing market.
        　　Property prices have spiked dramatically, making it unaffordable for many
Chinese to buy. And studies have found that the rapid rise of China’s home
prices is linked to its widening gender imbalance. Because there are many more
men than women (a ratio of 1.15 men of marriage age of 15 to 30 years old for
every woman), China’s dating scene has become ultra-competitive.