2013年暨南大学211翻译硕士英语真题

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　　2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题　　*************************************************************************************
　　学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业
　　研究方向：英语笔译
　　考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语 考试科目代码：211
　　考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
　　I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)
　　Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
　　1. There are some words in Chinese that have no exact______ in English.
　　A. equalities B. equations C. equities D. equivalents
　　2. ______ the traffic jam, we would have caught our train.
　　A. Because of B. By means of C. But for D. Due to
　　3. According to the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be ______ before the General Election.
　　A. decomposed B. dispersed C. dissolved D. disintegrated
　　4. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to _____ or at least weaken the trends that emerged in the 1980s.
　　A. reverse B. revolve C. revolt D. revive
　　5. My supply of confidence slowly ______ as the deadline approached.
　　A. withdrew B. eliminated C. exterminated D. diminished
　　6. Sometimes they ______ their students’ poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence.
　　A. distribute B. attribute C. contribute D. consider
　　7. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to _____
　　the consequences.
　　A.run into B. abide by C. answer for D. step into
　　8. Let’s listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, ______?
　　A. do we B. don’t we C. shall we D. will we
　　9. New York state taxes are used to _____ the high cost of operating a subway system in Manhattan and the outlying boroughs of New York City.
　　A. promote B. offset C. endorse D. sanction
　　10. Many people at the rock concert were standing in the _____, because there were no seats left.
　　A. bridges B. tributaries C. aisles D. altars
　　11. The nurse gave me something to _____ the pain.
　　A. aggravate B. increase C. augment D. alleviate
　　12. I didn’t like the way that book _____.
　　A. turned up B. turned in C. turned out D. turned over
　　考试科目： 翻译硕士英语
　　13. No _____ woman would go alone to a bar like that one.
　　A. respectful B. respectable C. respecting D. respective
　　14. Thirty-six hours_____ the length of time for which I should be paid.
　　A. are B. was C. is D. were
　　15. _____ out of season, I should have ordered some from the fruit stand.
　　A. If oranges would have been
　　B. If oranges have not been
　　C. Had oranges not been
　　D. Should oranges not have been
　　16. Petrol is manufactured from the _____ oil we take out of the ground.
　　A. rough B. crude C. raw D. tough
　　17. Uncle Bill used to climb mountains but he isn’t as____ as before.
　　A. aged B. astringent C. agile D. antic
　　18. Many attended the conference, a brief report _____has been published.
　　A. of which B. which C. of that D. for which
　　19. In his ____ to meet with the architects, he found the difficulties of obtaining a visa very discouraging.
　　A. journey B. endeavor C. nightmare D. failure
　　20. Many large ______ cities have outgrown their water supplies and rely on water from distant sources.
　　A. metropolitan B. suburban C. industrious D. rural
　　21. Because of her _____, Queen Victoria was unendingly confronted by artists wishing to paint her picture.
　　A. timidity B. celebrity C. irritability D. reclusiveness
　　22. Unlike animals, plants are able to make their own food through a process known as ______.
　　A. pollination B. germination C. photosynthesis D. fission
　　23. To maximize chances of _____ a heart attack, one should get immediate medical care at the first onset of symptoms.
　　A. disappearing B. surviving C. lessening D. diagnosing
　　24. It isn’t so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works_____.
　　A. at all B. above all C. in all D. after all
　　25. A pie chart may be used to show the relative _____ of values.
　　A. swarm B. diagram C. distribution D. tones
　　26. An effective employer must have the courage to ______ an employee who fails to perform.
　　A. lay on B. lay off C. lay out D. lay over
　　27. The key to maintaining brushes is to _____ them well before washing off the paint.
　　A. press B. soak C. flash D. crack
　　28. The matter is ______ settled; we may look upon it as being settled.
　　A. as long as B. for good C. for sure D. as good as
　　29. Newspapers and magazines carry extensive _____ of diet and health topics and diet books are among the best sellers.
　　A. sketch B. concern C. coverage D. involvement
　　30. The world leaders need to take action on the energy crisis that is _____ before our eyes.
　　A. taking shape B. taking effect C. taking apart D. taking over

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　　II. Reading Comprehension (40%)
　　Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and then mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.
　　Section A
　　Passage 1
　　All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range.
　　Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico’s Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means “barking dog.” The coyote’s vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with short, sharp yaps. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west.
　　The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion—whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end.
　　Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping, shooting, and poisoning the animals.
　　1. According to the passage, the coyote is unlike other North American canids in what way?
　　A. The coyote’s body is not graceful.
　　B. The coyote is not hunted by humans.
　　C. The coyote population has not decreased.
　　D. The coyote does not know how to swim.
　　2. All of the following statements describe the coyote’s vocalizations EXCEPT
　　A. Vocalizations communicate the locations of other coyotes.
　　B. The coyote uses its distinctive call to trick and catch prey.
　　C. A group of coyotes will often bark and howl together.
　　D. The coyote’s scientific name reflects its manner of vocalizing.
　　3. According to the passage, the coyote is an opportunist because it
　　A. knows how to avoid being captured.
　　B. likes to team up with other coyotes.
　　C. has better luck than other predators.
　　D. takes advantage of circumstances.
　　4. Which animal sometimes unknowingly helps the coyote catch food?
　　A. wolf
　　B. rodent
　　C. deer
　　D. badger
　　5. According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT
　　A. the coyote is a serious threat to human activities.
　　B. the coyote is a skillful and athletic predator.
　　C. the coyote hunts cooperatively with other coyotes.
　　D. the coyote survives despite persecution by humans.
　　Passage 2
　　Starting on January 1, Bakersfield High School is planning to implement a dress code. The administration has printed out a list of those items that students will be allowed to wear to school and those that will be considered unacceptable. Even though I understand that the school had good intentions, I think that it is a bad idea overall.
　　There are a number of problems with the dress code. The rule against clothes that are “torn, ripped, or cut off” discriminates against those students who cannot afford to buy new clothes every year. In the late spring and early summer, students forced to wear long pants will be so uncomfortable that they will not be able to concentrate on their studies. Although girls can stay cool in skirts and dresses, boys have no such option.
　　Even so, a dress code violates students’ freedom of expression. Students should be able to dress themselves in a way that expresses their tastes and creativity. It is only through making decisions about ourselves and how we choose to present ourselves that we will grow into mature, independent adults.
　　6. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?
　　A. (as it is now)
　　B. school. Those that will be considered unacceptable
　　C. school; others that will be considered unacceptable
　　D. school as well as unacceptable clothing
　　7. What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
　　A. the administration
　　B. the dress code
　　C. the list
　　D. the intention
　　8. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined “Even so” in paragraph 3?
　　A. To the extent that
　　B. More importantly
　　C. It is true that
　　D. That notwithstanding
　　9. Which of the following, if added at the end of the 3rd paragraph, would provide the best concluding sentence for the passage?
　　A. As near-adults, we should be allowed decide how to dress ourselves.
　　B. In today’s society, teenagers are required to make decisions about a number of extremely important issues.
　　C. Thus, the dress code will ultimately impede the educational process rather than aid it.
　　D. It is for a student and his/her parents to decide what clothing a student should wear, not a school administration.
　　10. The author’s argument would be more balanced if it included a section on which of the following?
　　A. An outline of the steps that students will take to overturn the dress code, should it be implemented.
　　B. A list of other bureaucratic policies that have angered students in the past.
　　C. A discussion of the author’s own clothing preferences.
　　D. An acknowledgement of the positive aspects of the dress-code policy.
　　Passage 3
　　Granted, the study of racial and sex differences in intelligence has not exactly covered itself in glory. In a heated debate, scientists are calling for an end to research on possible links between race, gender and intelligence.
　　Neuroscientist Steven Rose of Britain’s Open University argues, the problem is that both race and IQ are slippery concepts. Standard measures of intelligence are ridiculously flexible. In the 1930s and 1940s, for instance, when girls kept outscoring boys, IQ tests were repeatedly adjusted to make the results turn out “right”. That calls into question what studies of intelligence actually measure, and whether it is too easy to choose and modify data to produce desired results. Worse, race in the sense of Caucasian, Asian and African is too broad to capture anything biological, including genetic differences.
　　As for sex, there are indeed structural and biochemical differences between male and female brains. But since boys and girls, and men and women, live very different lives and are treated differently first by parents and then by society, it’s impossible to attribute those differences to native biology rather than experience. That is especially true now that discoveries in neuroplasticity have shown that brains of any age can change their structure and function in response to experience.
　　Defenders of studies of how intelligence varies by race or sex argue, the studies must continue because of the wealth of important knowledge they produce. In the 1960s, for instance, psychologist Arthur Jensen presented evidence that African-Americans are inferior in intellect due to inherited genes. That prompted psychologist James Flynn of the University of Otago, New Zealand, to examine decades of IQ data from dozens of countries, something he never would have done without Jensen’s work to drive him. He discovered what is now called the Flynn effect, which is the increase in IQ scores over the last 70 or so years. The increase reflects generational improvements in abstract problem solving. The Flynn effect “shows that substantial increases in IQ can and have occurred over a short period of time,” says psychologist Wendy Williams of Cornell University. “Genetics cannot explain such changes. Thus we look to environment… As experiences for blacks improve, so can and does IQ.” That has already happened: one quarter of the IQ gap between black and white Americans has been erased in 30 years. Cultural effects are more powerful than we thought, says Williams, a conclusion that would have remained undiscovered if race and IQ were off limits.
　　There has been a parallel increase in understanding sex differences in IQ. The fact that experience shapes the brain, and that girls’ and boys’ experiences are different so their brain differences might be the result of different experiences, seems less like an argument against studying sex and IQ than a fascinating research project: how do sex-specific experiences leave a footprint in the folds of the cortex?
　　11. The opponents of race-IQ studies think that ________.
　　A. the studies lack clear purpose
　　B. the measures of IQ are inconsistent
　　C. the IQ tests cannot define intelligence
　　D. the definition of race is too narrow
　　12. According to paragraph 3, sex differences in IQ are mainly caused by ______.
　　A. innate biology
　　B. life experience
　　C. genetic structure
　　D. social environment
　　13. Some scientists insist on the continuance of the studies because these studies _______.
　　A. help people get valuable knowledge
　　B. help to increase people’s intelligence
　　C. help people solve abstract problems
　　D. help to erase the IQ gap among people
　　14. It can be inferred from the passage that race-sex-IQ studies ______.
　　A. has been advocated by most scientists nowadays
　　B. has altered the concept and categories of race
　　C. has changed people’s view on gender difference
　　D. has stimulated relevant valuable researches
　　15. The author’s attitude towards the studies of the link between sex, race and IQ is__.
　　A. enthusiastic support
　　B. strong disapproval
　　C. reserved consent
　　D. complete indifference

kythree

　　Section B
　　Mohammud Yunus, a banker from Bangladesh, is a bona fide visionary. His dream is the total eradication of poverty from the world. What he has invented is called a micro-credit. It is both terribly simple and completely revolutionary. Yunus’ bank gives loans as little as $30 to the destitute. A typical borrower would be a Bangladeshi women (96% of the bank’s borrowers are women) who has never touched money before. All her life, her father and husband will have told her she is useless and is a burden to the family; finally, widowed or divorced, she will have been forced to beg to feed her children. Yunus’ bank lends her money—and doesn’t regret it. She uses the loan to buy an asset that can immediately start paying income—such as cotton to weave, or raw materials for bracelets to sell, or a cow she can milk. She repays the loan in tiny installments until she becomes self-sufficient. Then if she wants, she can take out a new, larger loan. Either way, she is no longer poor.
　　The Grameen Bank (“rural bank” in Bengali), which Yunus has built over the last 30 years, has more than 3.7 million borrowers in 46,000 villages throughout Bangladesh. In 2004, it made loans of more than $473.78 million. The bank actively seeks out the most deprived of Bangladesh society: beggars, illiterates, and widows. Yet, it claims a loan repayment rate of 99 percent. Most western banks would be delighted with such a small ratio of bad debts.
　　Born in Chittagong, Yunus studied at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee, before becoming head of the Economics Department at Chittagong University. The terrible manmade famine of 1974, which killed 1.5 million Bangladeshis, changed his life forever. “While people were dying of hunger on the streets, I was teaching elegant theories of economics. I started hating myself for the arrogance of pretending I had the answers. Why did people who worked 12 hours a day, seven days a week, not have enough to eat? I decided that the poor themselves would be my teachers. I began to study them and question them on their lives.
　　Then he made his big discovery. One day, when he was interviewing a woman who made bamboo stools, he learned that, because she had no capital of her own, she had to borrow the equivalent of 23 cents to buy raw bamboo for each stool made. After repaying the middleman, she kept only 1.5 cents in profit. With the help of graduate students, Yunus discovered that there were 42 other villagers facing the same predicament.
　　“Their poverty was not a personal problem due to laziness or lack of intelligence, but a structural one: lack of capital. The existing system made it certain that the poor could not save a penny and could not invest in bettering themselves.”
　　Borrowers who are not destitute are excluded, and so, usually, are men. Yunus soon discovered that lending to women was much more beneficial to whole families—and that women were more careful about their debts. To be eligible for a loan, a person must prove she understands how Grameen works. Borrowers promise to abide by “the 16 decisions,” a set of personal commitments. The most important is to join with four fellow borrowers, none of whom can be a family member, to form a group. The group provides a borrower with self-discipline and courage. Peer pressure and peer support effectively replace collateral.
　　Studies of the Grameen method suggest that after a wife joins the bank, her husband is likely to show her more tenderness and respect. Divorce rates drop among Grameen borrowers, as do birth rates.
　　Yunus’ method works well wherever the social life of the poor is tightly knit. But in many urban settings, the lack of community has been the greatest stumbling block. However, Yunus does not pretend to have solution to all problems.
　　“People say I am crazy, but no one can achieve anything without a dream,” he says. “If one is going to make headway against poverty, one cannot do business as usual. One must be revolutionary and think the unthinkable.”
　　16. What had Yunus invented?
　　17. To whom does the bank lend money?
　　18. What doesn’t the bank require of borrowers?
　　19. What must borrowers promise to do?
　　20. What is the repayment rate?
　　III. Writing (30%)
　　Directions: In this part you are supposed to write an essay of about 400 words within 60 minutes on the topic of online shopping in China.
　　Online shopping or online retailing is a form of electronic commerce whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet without an intermediary service. Nowadays, there are more and more shopping websites in China and many Chinese people tend to go shopping online. What do you think about it? You should clearly state your main argument and support it with appropriate details.
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