2016考研翻译硕士短语解释详解（四）

考研网

　　公平竞争
　　fair competition
　　公共监查
　　public oversight
　　公共汽车候车亭 bus shelter
　　公共文化基础设施
　　culture-related facilities for public use
　　公开或变相涨价
　　to raise prices openly or in convert forms
　　公勺(多人吃饭时公用的) service spoon
　　公司犯罪
　　corporate abuse / crime / cheat / fraud / wrongdoing / misconduct
　　共同关心的问题
　　issue of common concern
　　共同基金 mutual funds
　　公务车
　　state-financed vehicle (The Beijing municipal government is trying to set an example on curbing pollution and energy consumption by imposing a traffic restriction on
　　State-financed vehicles. 为减少污染，降低能耗，北京市政府开始倡导减少公务车出行。)
　　公务员考试
　　civil service exam (About 1m candidates have applied for the 2009 national civil service exam, an increase of 25% over this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has said. 据人力资源和社会保障部统计，约百万人已报名参加2009年国家公务员考试，比2008年报考人数增长了25%。)
　　公益大使
　　charity ambassador (Neither Liu Xiang nor the Athletics Administrative Center will lodge a claim for compensation with China Ping An Insurance which gave Liu an RMB100m
　　accident insurance policy Liu last October, in accordance with the insurance contract and mutual understanding of relevant articles therein, the Center said Wednesday. Ping An said Liu Xiang will continue to act as the company's charity ambassador. 2007年10月，中国平安向刘翔赠亿元意外保险保单。国家体育总局田径运动管理中心今日表示，基于双方前期达成的保险合同及对相关条款的理解, 国家体育总局田径运动管理中心及刘翔本人不打算对中国平安提出索赔。中国平安将邀请刘翔继续担任公司公益大使。)
　　公益文化活动
　　nonprofit cultural programs
　　公有制
　　public ownership
　　公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度
　　the basic economic system of keeping public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and allowing diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side
　　公众听证会 public hearings
　　工资正常增长机制
　　a mechanism for regular pay increases
　　狗流感
　　Dog flu (A dog flu virus is going around the US and has now been found in 30 states. 一种狗流感正在美国悄然蔓延，目前已有30个州发现了这种病毒。)
　　购买力
　　purchasing power
　　购买力平价
　　purchasing power parity (China next year will measure its gross domestic product (GDP) using purchasing power parity (PPP), an internationally accepted methodology,
　　Beijing-based financial news portal Caing.com reported Monday. 据财经资讯门户网站财新网周一报道，明年中国将通过购买力平价这一国际通用的方法来换算国内生产总值。)
　　购买欲
　　desire to buy; desire to purchase
　　狗腿子
　　henchman; lackey; hired thug
　　购物车
　　shopping trolley
　　购物券 coupon
　　构想
　　conceptualization
　　狗仔队
　　"dog packs; paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural) (It refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of celebrities.)"
　　购物指南
　　shopping guide, shoppers' guide, buyers' guide
　　股本
　　share capital
　　股本回报率
　　return on equity
　　股本金
　　equity capital
　　固定电话运营商
　　fixed-line telecom carrier
　　固定电话初装费
　　installation fees for fixed-line telephones
　　固定资产投资
　　investment in the fixed assets; fixed asset investment
　　股东会
　　board of shareholders
　　股份公司
　　joint-stock company
　　股份合作制
　　shareholding cooperative system
　　有限责任公司
　　limited liability company
　　股份有限公司
　　limited liability company
　　股份制
　　shareholding system; joint-stock system
　　骨干企业
　　key enterprise
　　鼓励奖
　　consolation prize
　　股民 investor
　　股票期权
　　the stock option
　　股票转让制度
　　the stock-transfer system
　　股市行情
　　the ups and downs of the stock market
　　股指
　　stock index
　　古装剧
　　costume drama (Producers remaking the popular TV hit A Dream of Red Mansions have splashed out 200 million yuan ($29 million)
　　刮鼻子
　　criticize; reprimand
　　挂靠
　　be attached or affiliated to; be subordinate to
　　挂靠户
　　an adjunct organization
　　挂牌开业
　　hang out one's shingle; put one's name plate in (a certain street)
　　挂失
　　report the loss. (I'd like to report the loss of my credit card and cancel it. 我要办理信用卡挂失并取消那张卡。)
　　挂职
　　1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself); 2) serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit
　　挂职下放
　　transfer to lower units with one's post retained
　　拐点
　　turning point (Since financial markets have been stable during the past 6 weeks, and economic growth is unlikely to fall further than the 4th quarter, the first half of this year could well be the turning point. 由于在过去6周内金融市场走势平稳，经济增长不太可能继去年第4季度后继续下滑，今年上半年市场将出现拐点。)
　　关闭效应
　　blackout effect
　　观潮派
　　those who take a wait-and-see attitude; fence-straddler
　　官方网站 official website
　　观光电梯
　　sightseeing (tourist) lift
　　关键词过滤
　　keyword infiltration (The provincial official also stressed that the operation of its screen system is based on keyword infiltration and not all text messages are actually checked. 广东省官员还强调称，短信过滤系统采取的是关键词过滤的办法，而不是对公民的每条短信都去查看。)
　　关联交易
　　connected transaction
　　关贸总协定(世界贸易组织的前身)
　　GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
　　关门态度
　　closed-door attitude
　　官商
　　state-operated commerce
　　关税壁垒
　　customs barrier; tariff wall
　　关税配额 tariff quota
　　关停并转
　　close down, suspend operation, merge with others or shift to different line of production; rationalize
　　观望态度
　　wait-and-see attitude
　　关系网
　　connection network; relationship network
　　关于进一步加强农村教育工作的决定
　　Decision on Further Strengthening Rural Education
　　冠状病毒 corona virus
　　广播电视大学
　　radio and television university
　　光碟，光盘
　　compact disk; CD 广而告之
　　publicize widely
　　广告词 jingle
　　广告代理行
　　advertising agent
　　广告电话直销
　　direct response advertising
　　广告画 poster
　　广告妙语
　　attention-getter
　　广告人
　　advertising man; adman
　　广告宣传车
　　loudspeaker van; sound truck
　　光谷
　　optical valley
　　光棍儿节
　　Singles’ Day. Every year at 11:11pm on November 11, fun-seeking male college students will have rowdy parties by screaming out their desire to find a girlfriend and use whatever is available to make big noises. The timing, consisting of eight Arabic number of 1, is deliberately selected to personify many single people.
　　光棍节
　　Singles' Day (China is probably the only country in the world that has set aside a special day - Singles' Day, which falls on November 11 every year. 中国可能是世界上唯一拥有"光棍节"的国家，该节日被定在每年的11月11日。) 光机电一体化
　　"optical, mechanical and electronic integration"
　　广交会
　　The China Export Commodities Fair
　　广开财路
　　make full use of all talents
　　广开就业门路
　　create more employment opportunities
　　光缆
　　optic cable 光盘杂志
　　CD-ROM magazine
　　光通信
　　photo-communication; optical communication
　　光污染
　　light pollution (The provincial capital of South China's Guangdong province is expected to take the lead in collecting light pollution fees in the country. 据悉，中国南部广东省省会广州市将率先在全国开征光污染排污费。)
　　广域网
　　wide area network (WAN)
　　广种薄收
　　extensive cultivation; wide sowing but meager harvest―a method of cultivation: the cultivated area is large but the per area yield is relatively low
　　钢管舞
　　Pole dancing (Pole dancing's popularity in France can be testified by hot sales of poles. 法国人目前对学跳钢管舞乐此不疲，从所用钢管热销，就可证明其在法国发烧的程度。) (手机)
　　关机 power off
　　管理办法
　　measures for administration
　　管理规定
　　provisions on administration
　　管理条例
　　regulations on administration
　　官煤勾结
　　government officials in cahoots with coalmine operators; government officials act in collusion with coalmine operators
　　冠名
　　title sponsorship
　　冠名赞助商 title sponsor
　　股权分置改革
　　state share sale reform; equity division reform; split-share reform
　　关税下调
　　tariff reduction
　　关系户
　　closely-related units
　　《关于预防煤矿生产安全事故的特别规定》
　　Special Regulations for Preventing Coalmine Accidents
　　刮痧
　　Holographic Meridian Scraping Therapy (Guasha)
　　固定电话
　　fixed-line telephone
　　固定汇率
　　fixed exchange rate
　　股份制改造
　　shareholding reform
　　规避
　　circumvention
　　轨道站
　　orbit station
　　规范分配秩序
　　Rationalize the relations of income distribution
　　规范民办教育
　　standardize non-government funded schools
　　归国留学生
　　returned students
　　归口管理
　　put under centralized management by specialized departments; centralized management by specified departments
　　规模经济
　　scale economy, economies of scale
　　规模经营
　　scale management
　　规模效益 scale merit
　　归侨
　　returned overseas Chinese
　　皈依三宝
　　become a Buddhist

kyfour

　　柜族
　　cupboard tribe (Dubbed online as the "cupboard tribe," the old man said he wishes to rent a room for himself but the cost in Changsha, where the rent for a single room is around 400 yuan ($60) a month, is far beyond what he can afford. 这位老人被网友称为“柜族”。老人说他希望在长沙租一个房子，但是长沙的房租太贵，一个房间每月约400元，他负担不起。)
　　轨道舱
　　orbital module
　　鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济
　　encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy
　　棍棒教育
　　stick parenting (Following the roars of a "tiger mom", a "wolf dad" stirred controversy again on "stick parenting." 继“虎妈”热潮之后，“狼爸”再一次激起了关于“棍棒教育”的争论。)
　　滚雪球
　　snowball -- (of a plan, problem, etc.) to grow bigger on an increasing rate
　　国奥队
　　the National Olympic Team
　　国产化率
　　import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components
　　过度包装
　　excessive packaging (Following a vote by lawmakers Wednesday, China's legislature approved the amended version of the Law on the Promotion of Clean Production, which stresses efforts to cut down on excessive packaging. 全国人大常委会通过《清洁生产促进法》修正案，强调要努力减少过度包装。)
　　过度放牧 overgraze
　　过度开垦
　　excess land reclamation
　　过度投资行业
　　over-invested industries
　　国防动员体制
　　the mobilization for national defense
　　国防动员体制
　　the mobilization system for national defense
　　国防科工委
　　State Commission of Science and Technology for National Defense Industry
　　国防预算
　　defense budget (China plans to increase its defense budget by 7.5 percent in 2010, only about half of last year's planned growth of 14.9 percent, a parliament spokesman said here on Thursday. 全国人大发言人(李肇星)本周四称，中国2010年国防预算的增幅计划为7.5%，增幅仅为去年计划增幅14.9%的一半。)
　　国货
　　domestics
　　过火
　　go too far
　　国际奥委会
　　the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
　　国际标准化组织
　　ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
　　国际承诺
　　international commitments
　　国际公认的警戒线
　　internationally accepted alarm level
　　国际惯例
　　international common practice
　　国际海域
　　international waters
　　国际化战略
　　internationalization strategy
　　国际货币基金组织
　　IMF (International Monetary Fund)
　　国际禁止化学武器组织
　　organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons (OPCW)
　　国际恐怖主义
　　international terrorism
　　国际劳工组织
　　ILO (International Labor Organization)
　　国际联盟
　　international coalition
　　国际贸易伙伴
　　international trading partner
　　国计民生
　　the national economy and the people's livelihood
　　《国际民用航空公约》(1944)
　　The International Civil Aviation Covenant
　　国际清算
　　international settlement
　　国际日期变更线
　　International Date Line (IDL)
　　国际商业机器公司
　　International Business Machine Corporation (IBM)
　　国际社会
　　the international community
　　国际收支不平衡
　　disequilibrium of balance of payment
　　国际玩笑
　　play a large-scale joke
　　《国际先驱论 坛报》
　　International Herald Tribune
　　国际自然保护联盟
　　International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
　　国际足球联盟
　　Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
　　国家财政贴息贷款
　　discount government loan
　　国家创新体系
　　state innovation system
　　国家环保总局
　　State Environmental Protection Administration
　　国家级特殊津贴
　　special state allowance
　　国家级卫生城市
　　state-level hygiene city
　　国家经济体制改革委员会
　　the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems
　　国家控股公司
　　state-controlling company
　　国家普通话水平考试
　　National Proficiency Test of Putonghua
　　国家体育总局
　　State Physical Culture Administration
　　国家外汇储备
　　state foreign exchange reserves
　　国家一级保护
　　first-grade State protection
　　国家质量技术监督局
　　the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
　　国家中长期科学和技术发展规划
　　a national medium- to long-range program for scientific and technological development
　　国家重点科技攻关项目
　　national key scientific and technological project
　　国脚
　　player of the national football team; footballer of the national team
　　过境旅客
　　transit passenger ("Shanghai and neighboring cities, such as Hangzhou and Wuxi, have benefited greatly (since Shanghai introduced a visa waiver for transit passengers), as it means foreign tourists can travel during a 48-hour stay," said Jiang Yiyi, director of the China Tourism Academy's international tourism development institute. 中国旅游研究院国际旅游研究所负责人蒋依依称，上海及杭州、无锡等周边城市从免签政策中获益良多，目前上海对过境旅客实行免签政策，即游客可免签停留48小时。)
　　过境签证 transit visa
　　国库券
　　treasury bonds
　　过劳死
　　karoshi; death from overwork
　　过劳死
　　die from overwork ( Its employees are always under severe stress and some even died from overwork. 。该公司员工长期压力过大，曾出现员工过劳死事件。)
　　国民党
　　Kuomintang
　　国民经济的综合平衡
　　overall balance in national economy
　　国民经济支柱产业
　　pillar industry in national economy
　　国民生产总值
　　gross national product (GNP)
　　国内生产总值
　　gross domestic product (GDP)
　　国内游
　　inbound tourism 过山车
　　roller coaster
　　国事访问 state visit
　　过失赔偿责任;无过失赔偿责任
　　liability with fault;liability without fault
　　过失责任
　　liability of fault
　　国书
　　state credentials
　　国泰民安
　　The country flourishes and people live in peace
　　国土资源部
　　Ministry of Land and Resources
　　国土资源管理
　　land and resources administration
　　国外旅游
　　overseas travel
　　国务卿
　　Secretary Of State (in America)
　　过硬
　　have a perfect mastery of
　　过犹不及
　　going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
　　国有独资商业银行
　　wholly state-funded commercial bank
　　国有股
　　state-owned shares
　　国有股减持
　　state stock reduction; reduce state's stake in listed companies
　　国有及国有控股工业企业
　　state-owned industrial enterprises and enterprises whose controlling stake was owned by the state
　　国有企业股份制改革继续推进
　　fresh progress was made in transforming state-owned enterprises into stock companies
　　国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险并轨
　　integrate the subsistence allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system
　　国有商业银行股份制改造试点方案
　　pilot plan to transform state-owned commercial banks into stock entities
　　国有资产管理体制
　　State property management system
　　国有资产监督管理委员会
　　the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission
　　国有资产流失
　　loss of state-owned assets
　　国债贴息贷款
　　T-bond discount loans
　　国债投资
　　treasury bond investment
　　国债专项资金
　　special fund for treasury bond
　　国债资金重点项目责任制
　　the responsibility system for key projects funded by treasury bonds
　　果子狸 civet cat
　　过渡期
　　transitional period
　　国家发展计划委员会
　　the State Development Planning Commission
　　国家计划和财政政策、货币政策等相互配合的宏观调控体系
　　the macro-economic regulation system by integrating State planning with fiscal and monetary policies
　　国家审判权
　　the judicial authority of the State
　　《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》
　　Master State Plan for Rapid Response to Public Emergencies
　　国际部队
　　international forces
　　国际多边金融机构
　　international multilateral financial institution
　　国际关系民主化
　　practice democracy in international relations
　　国际禁毒日
　　International Day against Drug Abuse (People around the world hold rally marking the International Day against Drug Abuse.)
　　国际社会
　　international community
　　国民素质
　　the populace's cultivation
　　国情
　　national conditions
　　过期食品
　　expired food, out-of-date food (The Japanese, who always pay attention to food safety, have lowered their requirements amid the economic woes, the United Morning Post
　　reported. A survey shows that 83% Japanese think it's ok to buy out-of-date food as long as they don't make people fall ill. 据新加坡《联合早报》报道，向来重视食品安全的日本人，随着经济不景气而口味大降。一项民调显示，83%的日本人认为，只要吃不坏肚子，就无所谓购买过期食品。)
　　国务委员
　　state councilor
　　国务院令
　　Decree of the State Council
　　国务院通知
　　Circular of the State Council
　　国有商业银行
　　State-owned commercial bank
　　国债余额管理方式
　　the method of outstanding balance management for its national debt
　　股票市场散户
　　individual stock investor
　　股权分置
　　to float the non-tradable shares; equity division
[b]